Affirmative: Rev. Dr. Robert MacGowan, minister of Belle-field Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, Pa.

[At Carnegie Music Ilall in Pittsburgh, Pa., Thursday evening, January 15, 1931, a Scotch Presbyterian minister, the "Highland tongue" still with him, matched arguments with Clarence Darrow, veteran of a half century in the criminal courtrooms of America. The debate centered on the question, "Is Religion Necessary?"

Before a tense audience, Rev. Dr. MacGowan, student at Glasgow, Edinburgh and London Universities, opened the discussion with a 25-minute statement. Mr. Darrow followed negatively with 35 minutes. Each speaker had 25 minutes for rebuttals, and Rev. Dr. MacGowan closed the argument with a 10-minute sur-rebuttal. There was no judges' decision.

Following the debate, members of the audience, meeting the speakers on the platform, questioned them and produced their own arguments for a full hour.

As will be noted in the text which follows, war "caught heir* from both debaters.

The Pittsburgh meeting was held under the auspices of the National Speakers' Forum, of which George G. Whitehead, Columbus, O., is the director.

Reverend MacGowan: "Js Religion Necessary?" The. answer is yes, and we are trying to give our reasons in the very simplest anci most human terms. In the first place it is necessary in order to explain man's habitation. "This is my playground, this vvbrld; it is my working place, too, and it is my cradle and it is my grave, but somehow there is a mystery in it all, and I would like to know what that mystery is that lies behind all that I see."

I begin to ask why, where, when and how, and so long as I do, religion will suggest itself to my mind.

Now, why should I be asking questions? Because I look at nature all about inc, and 1 see—and it is always the first argument— I sec evidences of intelligence in nature as it rises in its grandeur here and there. I sec more; I sec that everything—and this comes from scientists themselves, that everything in nature, organic and inorganic, is subject to a reign of law. Law! That is the wonder of the most eminent scientists in the world today.

I see more; I see evidences of a will, too, in the processes of the seasons, in the beauty of azure skies; there is plenty and to spare for mankind. Nature gives it; where it goes is another matter; that may be an economic device, but nature is plentiful for you and for me.

• There is evidence of goodness, there is evidence of might, vast power there. But we call it not just might; we call it creative will. 1 said intelligence is behind it. Then intelligent energy becomes creative, producing the highest things from the very humblest beginnings in life, as science knows it today.

But there is other energy organized for the purpose of producing the highest end. What am I to say about it? Intelligence, goodness and will, what arc these? And these arc the parts of my own being; they constitute personality, and so we say that behind this universe of ours there is personality.

But you say, "You are only thinking in terms of your own nature; it is anthropomorphic"—that is the scholarly name for it.

Well, how can I do otherwise? I must think within the limits of my own personality laid down for me from the beginning. And so we speak of God as a personality. It makes no difference whether the world be this big or that big, old or new, it comes to the same thing. There is evidence of that creative will, and we call that God.

In the second place, that is my habitation, my home, where I live; there is somebody here. In order to complete man's nature religion is necessary. Man is not content in the physical at any time. There is something driving him beyond it; even when his

appetites have been satisfied. It is then when he feels it more. There is an urge in his nature that calls him upward. There is a desire, a hunger that waits for fulfillment. Why? Because you are two—I don't want to say you arc two men, hut dual—they are both part of the same personality, but I mean to say that there is one lower and a higher man, not that there is anything wicked about the first, for a moment, but simply that it is the' moral nature that is within that fits us to the higher life.

The truth is that just as I live in a physical universe of things that are visible to me, so I live in a moral universe. How do I know? I go to nature, the plant, the flower. And it says to me, "I cannot fulfill my destiny unless I obey every law that nature lays down for me. If I want to fulfill my destiny in the sun I must die." And mortality says "Aye, must/' to his body, and for that higher part of man, too. So there is in us an instinct for self-realization and self-completion. It is the soul's adventure all through history.

And where first to find that completion ? Not in anything that is thrown to him, not the husks that are thrown to him day by day; not in his books, even books of great men. These only give him glimpses of a greater wonder that is always beyond him. His completeness lies in God. He clamors for higher moral profit with all the longings of his nature, I care not what they be.

In the third place, to satisfy the heart of man it is necessary to have religion. Do you know how knowledge comes to men and women?. It comes from personal relationship. How? A little baby, the first teacher is its mother interpreting the world for it. The teachers afterwards are the school people and the comrades, and the better they be the more blessed for any boy and girl. And later on again there is the corroborating experience of history, of autobiography and of literature, but it is through personality that we come to know.

Now, how do I come to know about the highest of all ? Through personality. There is a presence in the world communicating itself to my mind and my heart. There is a reservoir of power there for me to draw from if I will. Do you remember how Wordsworth put it? "I have felt a presence that disturbs me with the joy of elevated thought, but the joy—the joy." All. right, that is to say that man longs for friendship here in the world, and the best thing on earth for you and me is friendship. But he longs for more than that; he longs for friendship the way Walt Whitman says, "He longs for that friendship eternal." That means—call it consolation, comfort and all the rest of it. God be blest that there is a lot of it in the world. Happy is that man who can be called the friend of God.

In the fourth place, to fulfill my instincts it is necessary to believe in a God. Now wait—I want to stress this very particularly tonight—we are told by the behaviorists in psychology—do you know what the behaviorists are?—we are told by the behaviorists

pelled to do by something that has come to us in our life. Behaviorism says to us this, "Look, behaviorism is the reaction of my response mechanism, this body of mine, this being of mine—of my _/ response mechanism to external stimuli."

See that light? The light air waves come to my eye. My eye is made to respond so that by the response of my eye to that stimulus out there there conies the knowledge that I can see; 1 can see light. Now wait—then I know why 1 act like an animal; it is the response of my appetite to the physical things that are there around me. That is granted, isn't it? But here is my question, "Why do I act religiously?" You are an exception? There arc millions for every one. Now, I am not saying that the minority are always wrong or the majority always right. Not fear, not dreams nor anything else can explain this reaction of this body of mine and this soul of mine, if you will, to this stimulus that is there inspiring my nature and inspiring me to better things.

What explains my desire for fellowship? Wait—you can easily call that desire. What explains prayer? What explains the joy of service with God? And of the union with him? What is it? It is the response of the mechanism of my being in response to an external stimulus. Where is it? What is that external stimulus? I say that it is the unseen presence in the world communicating Himself to my light, and my religious attitude is the response of my being to the eternal God. Until I do respond like that I am not at peace; my nature is disorganized. Aye, and human life all about me will be, too. There is some fault in my nature.

What men should be doing today is sensitizing themselves, sensitizing this response mechanism of men's life in order that it may give the proper and appropriate response to God and to that unseen presence when the time arrives for it. The result is this, that we allow ourselves to become vulgarized, and that aspect of our life is the last thing to receive mention and attention.

In the fifth place—now wait—in the fourth place, to fulfill the instincts of my being. Wait—the response mechanism now of my being—religion is necessary. Now, these are for the intellects of men. Think with me along a few practical lines for a minute. God is necessary, religion is necessary-—because I think my definition of it can be maintained as I go along—religion is necessary to inspire the ideals of mankind.

The unbeliever, the atheist or skeptic laughs at the religious man, because he says he cannot reach absolute certainty, and we agree at once. Where is absolute certainty ever found about anything? We cannot attain to that. Then what are we to do? We shall do what science does. What is that? Here is the method of science; science makes its assumptions from its experiment and its observation. Then what? Does it put them in a museum and sit down and admire them? Not a bit of it, not a minute. It goes on - and puts into practice the things it believes it knows.

That is what I want to say to men that doubt these days; you cannot reach absolute, unblemished certainty, but what you can do is to demonstrate the purpose of God, the purpose of God's love in your own experience, in your every-day thought and actions; ally yourself to some great and good cause, go out and fight your battle in the name of God, and he will prove to you that he is on the side of those who seek right and who seek his kingdom.

I like that phrase so often quoted by George Bernard Shaw. It speaks of man, the appetite; the appetite for evil uses. I like that. What is it? That God has made man a citizen of a world that lies ahead, and that faith releases energies in man that make that world possible. Where? In some vast universe beyond the grave? Not a bit of it, but right here and now, and God can do it through the men who are willing to trust him to the limit and follow his footsteps.

The trouble is that we don't get near enough to God, many of us, in order to get that message clearly enough, to inspire the ideals of men. Alas, what a world it would be if there were no such authority for such ideals!

There is another thing, sixthly, to encourage man's enterprise. You know, this travail has been long, difficult, hard and has been dangerous. Sometimes we say to the church, what good has the church done? She represents religion. Well, we have to bow our heads in shame for the little she has done; we have to bow our heads in shame, too, for the tragedies that have been due to her misconceptions of God, and the misconstruing of his purposes, for that is just what it means. But while we say that, we remember the saints and the martyrs, we may remember the prophets and the reformers, the men who gave their lives and died on crosses even to make that better day possible for mankind. We remember—we can look back, we can see slavery, and we can see persecution, we can see bigotry, we can see all the torture of human life. But will you remember this, that most of it happened at a time when all men were supposed to be members of the same church. It was not the church persecuting somebody outside of it; it was the church putting the fetters on its own people, and there is just a little bit of difference^ remember that.

But when we think of that progress that has come and the evils that have been left behind, I can remember the words that are in the Capitol at Washington, and these words have had a mighty place in bringing that better place to pass for mankind: "What doth the Lord require of me?" Listen, you men who are speaking* of a better day for mankind—"What doth the Lord require of me but to do justice, to love mercy and to walk humbly with thy God.'* What powers these words have been for making men better. And you know where they come from.

And is brotherhood coming, the brotherhood of man? Yes, we > believe it is, when wars will be no more, to the ends of the earth, and 'L;

when usury will no longer curse the dreams of the poor, when there will he no more Sohos and Buckingham palaces, when there will be enough for all. And I am not affecting it, for I have learned to starve too, 1 have had to do it in my time, and God knows I curse it with all the blasphemy of my soul. Do you think that God means it or stands for it? No, but it does something for man; it develops a part of his glorious spirit. That is all, yet the day is coming.

Why do I talk about that? Because T believe in the fatherhood of God, one life, one blood, one law, that is why, and the day is coming when it will be realized. But only the blessed God in heaven has kept that vision clear in the minds of men who have had to starve to let it come to pass in their being.

Somebody argues for the conservation of value. Personality conserves all the good that man has come to through the ages, of art, of science and all that is good, and somehow there is an inerrancy in our moral evolution. Do you want me to demonstrate it? It is to laugh. And I know there are multitudes like me. Heaven to me is not something up yonder. Heaven to me is what it was to Plato, with its invisible city; Plato, who said, "The man who has the invisible city in his brain will not be long until he attempts to accomplish it on earth." That's what it is, the power to drag men out of dirty boots into the higher things of the spirit. It is a great thing for the soul. I feel like Bacon in the time of the Renaissance. You remember how he put it; he drew the symbols of his song, "The Pillars of Hercules," supposed to be the end of the world; nobody went beyond it. He drew the picture, and there was a ship in full sail; there was a ship in full sail, passing through the Pillars of Hercules with "Plus Ultra" above. There is more yet; there is more yet. That is why I think religion is necessary. [Applause.]

Mr. Darrow: Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen. If I can present what 1 have to say in as quiet and reasonable a manner as my able opponent presented what he lias, I should think I have learned a great deal from it, and perhaps even if I can't do it I have learned something from him.

I think 1 will say further that while he and I doubtless will disagree on many things—as I will attempt to demonstrate—there is not anything that he said that is in the least offensive to me—I don't mean personally; I mean religiously, because I know they would not be personal.

I have no objection to any sort of religion that he is talking about. The only question in my mind is whether that is really religion. I wish it was. If it was, I wouldn't be debating.

I don't mind telling you that I really have a purpose in thes< debates, although I know 1 will never accomplish it. I would lib to make human beings freer if I could; 1 would like to make humat beings kinder if I could. I would like to make them more tolerant of each other.

Now, the doctor here has not given me anything to say in opposition to him on any of these subjects that are nearest my heart. Of course, intellectually, we can disagree, and do disagree upon this question. It might have been better to have had a definition of religion, but I don't think that is necessary right now. I can tell you where we disagree and why I disagree. I don't disagree with him with any such violence in my own mind as I disagree with many people who are sure they are right and want to send me to hell because I am wrong. I don't want to go. But I would rather go than to stultify—I would rather take a chance on the going, at least, than to stultify my own conscience and my own reason, poor as that may be. And reason, like everything else, is not perfect. The best reasoners make their mistakes. I know that, because some of them don't agree with me. [Laughter.]

I would have liked—and still I am glad of it—I would like to have had him say something about religion as it is generally preached today. But that is not necessary; there will be others who will do that. But I kind of like his religion as far as he got. Now, let me see why I don't believe in it—all of it. I can accept all of his conclusions without accepting his premises, because he evidently wants a better world, lie is evidently thoroughly tolerant of everybody; he doesn't insist anybody should agree with him; none of that. But how he gets at it is beyond my ken.

His first statement, which occupied the largest part of his talk, was on the proofs of God. He doesn't prove it by the Bible. It would be all right if he did—we would talk about that. I am not going to now. Of course my friend knows that I must have heard this argument many times before. It is almost always advanced, ever since the days of Paley's Natural Theology, which once took the world by storm, but they have somewhat abandoned it. Paley's idea was that you could everywhere see order and purpose in the universe. I am not quite certain—it is a long time since 1 have read Paley. T am not certain whether lie said that the eye was made especially so that it could see. But it wasn't; it wasn't especially made, and last of all so that we could see. The first animals didn't have any eyes. They couldn't have used them if they had. The orthodox religious idea is that whatever was necessary to use in this universe was made for it. Not at all. In the long, tortuous, slow-progress of life the eyes were put in and the ears were put in and such other things as man has, meager though they are, and poor though they are, have slowly been attached to him. And those who had the germs and who gradually developed them lived, and those who didn't died. In other words, all that we are has come through the long, slow progress or change of nature, from the most insig-riificant life, and even back of it, for the working of the survival of the fittest. Now, 1 say that as if it was true. It is a theory very well established, and I doubt if my learned friend would take the other view, although many people do.

There is no such thing as a perfect eye. How many of you people are wearing glasses? IIow many more of you would wear them if you were doing any close work? As Helmholz once said, "The eye as it is made or comes to man is a clumsy piece of botch-work." It is, because it is developed, just as I have stated—it is developed a little at a time, slowly to help him out in his fight with the elements, and in his needs in life. It was not made out of hand at all. Nothing else was made out of hand. Nothing in nature was made that way. As high as we ai»e, we have come up through travail and sorrow and death, and we arc not very high yet. There is nothing about us that is perfect. We know nothing about perfection ; we have no organs, that are perfect; we have no insight that is perfect; we have nothing that can approach perfection, and 110 two are alike in any of these things.

And however perfect it is, lite is short, and we give it up. My friend says it wouldn't be perfect if there wasn't a heaven. Now, that is no reason for believing in heaven. It wouldn't be perfect if it wasn't, because why torture us here to make us happy hereafter?

Nature knows nothing about perfection; man even knows nothing about perfection, but we can show the imperfections in everything, because the means does not satisfy the end that is desired anywhere.

And if nothing would be perfect without a heaven, that is no proof that there is a heaven. Nothing is very perfect or agreeable in civilized society without a bank account, but that doesn't give us the bank account; it has got to come from an entirely different kind of activity. If we could will ourselves something we wouldn't need to worry; but we can't do it.

My friend says in effect—I may not quote him literally—that we had all these desires and aspirations, and no desire and aspiration is planted into the human being without the means to satisfy it. He knew—I can't speak about him, but as for myself, most of the desires I have had were not satisfied. How about yours? Do you mean to tell me that you have had all that was coming to you, or, more than that, all that you expect and wish ? There is going to be a whole lot left over when you are dead, if your life cannot be complete without heaven.

How do you know it is going to be complete? Is there any evidence of it? I say there is not, not the slightest in the universe. He says there must be a God because there is order and there is system; the eye is adapted to light, everything is adapted to something. Everything that survives has to be attached to something, but not very well adapted, and when the adaptation is over, or over on a vital point, the organs decay.

I don't know anybody who is thoroughly adapted at any time. He may have good eyes and a weak stomach. lie may have good eyes and a good stomach, but a weak head. | Laughter.] That isn't uncommon. He may have a good eye, a good stomach and a good head, but have flat feet. 1 Laughter.] Show me anybody that hasn't got something that he would like to get rid of, and then I will take some stock in the perfect workman that must have made the human being.

I remember the stories I used to read in McGuffey's Reader about everybody complaining about their ailments. The good fellow came along and said he would give them another chance; let all of them throw their burdens in the heap and come and pick out something else. One. fellow came up with a set of bow legs; another one with a humped back, and another with a nagging wife, and another with a squint eye. Everyone had something they threw in the heap, and they took something else, and after they limped along on the new deformity they came back and asked the good fellow to let them exchange it for the old, because they had gotten used to it. [Laughter.]

Now, that is all there is to it. Show me a perfect person, physically, mentally—or to borrow from my good friend, spiritually. Of course that is a word I don't fully understand or partially understand; I don't know anything about it. But I do know something about physically and a little about mentally. Show me any of them that are perfect. There is no such thing. The seeds of death are born in all of us; the seeds of decay of every part of us; the seeds of disease are ever active. Where is the evidence of design ?

Our good friend here is not the first one that I have heard say that God is good. How do you know? True, he makes the rose, if there is one—I mean if there is a God. True, he makes the rose that is fragrant and beautiful, but he also makes the cancer that is hideous, and it would take an earth covered with roses to make up for one cancer. It you arc going to make him responsible for anything, he makes health and he makes disease; he gives us life and cuts it off when we arc just ready to live. He gives us imperfect bodies and imperfect minds and terrible experiences, if he is responsible for any of it. And if he is responsible for any of it, by the same logic, he is responsible for all of it.

Can you prove the goodness of God in the death of a babe twenty-four hours old? And can you any more prove it in the death of an old man or an old woman who has fought the battle, worked for health and strength and freedom and finally lies down to his last long rest? You can prove nothing by it. Then why talk about it?

My friend has said some things that T cannot dispute. He says he can feel God in the universe. Maybe he can; maybe he just thinks he can. I cannot. I would like to know what he feels like. Maybe I have felt it and don't know.

He speaks about prayer and how he knows what it means. Well, now, my friend is an intelligent man, but I think it is silly to say you know what prayer means. I am intelligent, but I think things that arc silly—everybody tells me so every once in awhile, but I don't agree with them. Did he or any other human being know of a prayer that has been answered? 1 say men have implored heaven by day and by night as the years have rolled around and no single prayer was ever answered. They have prayed for the deliverance of a dying wife from the angel 01 death that hung over her bed—and she died. They have prayed that the life of a new-born babe might be saved—and it died before it ever knew life. They prayed for deliverance from pestilence and disease and famine and prison, but the universe was deaf to their prayers— and they still pray.

Can anybody prove that any single prayer ever uttered by man was answered? Now, let me give you one example, and see what you think about it. Just think about it. 1 want you to think about it too—[addressing Dr. MacGowan]. We just went through a war. The Germans prayed for victory and the French prayed for victory. Blooming idiots, both of them, praying for victory. [Applause.]

The English prayed for victory to their God and the Turks prayed for victory to Allah. The Americans prayed for victory and the Austrians prayed for victory. A lot of good it did them, didn't it? And they left heaps of dead. If there had been any God in the universe and that God had been good, 1 know of no reason for thinking that that war could have come to torture the earth. [Applause.]

But let us look at it in a bigger way. My friend says that you can sec order and system in the universe, and where there is order it must be that somebody orders it. Well, there are two things on which I disagree. If there is order, it does not follow that anybody ordered it. But there is not any order. Let us sec—what does man know about order anyway? If I didn't misunderstand my friend, he practically said that man did. not know much about order. But I might have misunderstood him, because he still made the argument for order. What does he know about it? All that man knows about order is what he learns from the universe of which he is a part. If you say there is order or disorder you must have a pattern for it, or you don't know it exists.

Our pattern is the universe as we know it, and to say the universe is in order is simply to say that the universe is the universe, that is all.

Some say that the earth goes around the sun practically in an oval or an ellipse, year after year; that shows order. Suppose it went rectangularly, that way, that way, that way, that way. Would that be order? Why not? The very corners would show order because it was happening. Supposing it went around triangularly. Would that be order? Clearly it would. Can you imagine any way that it could go that would be disorder? Oh no, your mind would be accustomed to it and it could not be otherwise.

Let us take it a little further; what about the earth itself? Is there any order here? You have to get a pattern of order. But even in the visionary pattern that is generally taken, is there any order? There are ten thousand earthquakes on the earth every year. Is that order? If so, what is disorder? The solar system of which we are a part was probably once a great star or planet and in some collision or on account of some force that we know not of, it burst and the fragments were scattered in every direction until this fragment and that fragment were caught by gravitation, as we call it, and it kept on its way around. What has happened, will happen. Doubtless the universe is filled with stars that once belonged to bigger stars, and every now and then they are blotted out, and they die.

What do we know about order, anyhow? Is there any order in the universe? Anything but order! There is movement of what we call matter constantly taking new forms—not constantly, but often. We know nothing about how many and how often these catastrophes take place. We know that some have been blotted out, so far as we can see, or they have gone away such immense distances that we can't sec them, and they seem to be blotted out. Is that order? We don't know the meaning of the word.

Take our own country; the Allegheny mountains were once 30,000 feet high; so the geologists tell us, by measuring the slant of the upheaved rock, and who know where they meet at the top, as it once was. They have been bitten by frost, carried away by rain and rivulets into the great seas, and deposited two or three thousand miles away and built up the delta of the Mississippi. Was it order? If so, why didn't they stick the delta in at the start?

The Rocky Mountains have recently—recently as a geological period—been raised, some of them 15,000 feet high, destroying everything that was life—if there was life—and making the world over anew.

The whole valley of the Nile was washed down from the mountains south of the Equator, and they are building up a new delta year by year. Everything is in flux, everything is changing, nothing is fixed.

What about earthquakes? And here is one for the goodness of God. Some people say I haven't any right to judge God. Well, I haven't, but I don't judge him when I say he is bad any more than the other man judges him when he says he is good. To judge him, you judge him, and I admit we have to judge him, if we do it, by the puny intellect we have. Mine might be all right, and that of my good friend; you can't tell. By his intellect, he judges him good. By mine, I can't understand how a good God could permit the endless injustice to every human being and every animal. [Applause.]

You remember the Lisbon earthquake. You don't remember when it happened, but you read about it. Thirty-five thousand people killed in Lisbon in the twinkling of an eye. Of course to show his wisdom and goodness more particularly, the great loss of life occasioned in this earthquake, it happened on a Sunday and a Saint's day, and the great number who were killed were worshipping in the church.

Now, of course, that was not a Protestant church (laughter), but I am quite sure my friend would say that does not make the slightest difference. What about a catastrophe to an ant-hill? Js there any reason why God should not look after ant-hills the same as human hills? Aren't they his creatures too? We have a great deal of what Weber and Fields called "proud flesh" if we think about ourselves. If the ants wrote books they would be the important ones and we the unimportant.

Everywhere nature is red with tooth and claw. In every human organism arc the germs of all the diseases that man is heir to. We begin dying when we begin living, and whether it shall be long or short depends on a thousand things which we hear nothing about.

Wouldn't it show that God was wiser and better if we lived longer? If not, wouldn't it show that God was wiser and better if we lived shorter? And still wiser and still better if we never lived at all? (Applause). Because if we don't live we don't need to die or suffer a lot of other things.

I say first that there is no way of finding out what is order. He says seeds grow. They do, some of them. Weeds grow easier, and you have to take pains with wheat. Most all that nature produces is something that we have to get rid of. Why do we? I don't know; perhaps my friend knows and can still explain the goodness of God. I don't know anything about it except that it happens.

Now, why do we say that there is a God? That is not because anybody feels it in his heart. He doesn't feel anything in his heart unless he gets along toward my time of life and it doesn't work right. His heart is just an organism for pumping blood; he doesn't feel anything in his heart. Why then do they believe in God? Well, the primitive man saw the lightning coming down, and it is perfectly natural that he should think it was thrown down, and if it hit someone it was natural for him to think that God didn't like that person. And it was perfectly easy to get up a set of propitiations to God not to do that. The explanation is perfectly easy; there is nothing mystical or hard to understand about it at all. '<

Now, let us see about God anyway. Has he always existed, or did somebody make him? Did he exist from all eternity and then finally make up his mind he would make a universe? What was he doing before? 1 don't know. Does anybody know? What is the use of talking about it if we don't know anything about it?

Assuming God made a universe, was there any matter here to make it out of? And if there was, it must have been in some form. Why not in its present form? Did he re-mould it or make it entire? Now, can you imagine God making the universe out of nothing? You can't do it. Maybe he did, but you can't imagine it, because you never saw anything like it nor heard anything like it.

Did he make it out of himself? Do matter and God mean the same thing? If so, what is the use of both of them? Can anybody answer any of these questions? I think not. I don't pretend to know; I am quite sure I do not. I cannot even think about it, for I cannot comprehend or understand the terms I am using. To me they mean nothing, and of course they can bring no result.

And finally, if the universe could not make itself, and therefore it is necessary for us to make God so he would make the universe, then who made God? Isn't it just as necessary to make a God so he can make that God, and so on world without end? (Applause.)

Reverend MacGowan: I gave him something to hit at, didn't I? That lias been my task. And there you arc! And he has been doing it to perfection. Now, mind you, all the thunder is over. He did the very utmost that atheism can do to destroy the living.

Hear that! That is the utmost. Put them together and think them over as a scheme of life! With all the difficulties of the explanation !

Don't ask me about the problem of human suffering; that is the great tragedy of the world. But I am going to tell you—I am going to talk about some other things for him to shoot at. I am going to tell you this now, if you take out of the world the suffering that is caused by your own rottenness you will see a lot of it eliminated. [Applause.] And mind you, don't blame God for that, because he made you a free man, imperfect in a world that fits you; in an imperfect world. Now, when I say "made," please forgive me; he used the same word; he used the same word.

And we have no quarrel on the question of evolution. He had me say that the eye evolved until it became possible for this response mechanism to react to the rays of light. Now, we believe in that. Today the day is coming—theology is in an awful way. Look at science. The physicists are standing on their heads, with the new quantum theory and the Einstein theory, which is opposite to their atomic theory. Utterly changed! Styles change in atoms just as they change in automobiles, and the atom of 25 years ago is as utterly different from the atom that the physicist has to deal with today as the Ford tin Lizzie is different from the Cadillac 16 that you [pointing to man in balcony] sell today. That is good advertising, isn't, it? There you are—you should have gone and paid the bigger price, all the same. [Laughter.]

Now, wait a minute, can we give him something? This problem of evil is one thing, and then another thing. How much of that evil is due to our ideas of it? Don't talk to me about cancer. 1 was talking to a cancer patient the other day; poor fellow, had a tube in his throat. What was he saying about it? Was he kicking about it? lie was perfectly calm about it. What did it? It was his religion. Calmly and religiously he went out into the unknown, poor little fellow. He said, "Doctor, watch that man Darrow; lie is a wonderful cross-examiner."

What is that? That is the triumph of the spirit of man over the suffering that came to him in life. Mark you this, young men and women, don't fear to go and marry; don't fear the sorrow and struggle. It gives you confidence and heart. The folks who don't get on are the folks that are subsidized by their fathers and mothers, and they don't find the satisfaction in one another as they should; and they are not compelled to stick together and fight for what they ought to become. And the result is the divorce court, Reno and so forth. Suffering is sometimes good for humanity. [Applause.]

I will tell you more, that is what has made humanity in the struggle upward; that is the progressive part of the human race, and we are going to be fit for the great aims that have come through the centuries that have gone by, when we achieve what is in the minds and hearts of some of us for the better day.

But there is more. God seems to work good out of apparent evil. Have you proved it in your life? The things that you would have liked to have done; the things that you did. You were mad when they didn't come to you. And afterwards you said, "Praise God it didn't come; I am better as it is." That is often true, that is, that good comes out of evil.

That is what I came through in my college career, Mr. Darrow; I had to find my way. I gave up every part of the faith that came to me as a young Scotch Presbyterian. When I left Doctor Jones' class-room in Europe J believed nothing; 1 had to find my way, and there was my sorrow. You talk about your cancers in your body; my God, what about cancers in your mind? What do you know about torture, my friend? Sometimes you know about it in a case that involves millions, but oh, when a man feels his foot slipping and his heart heavy, that is different altogether.

Don't ask me about the thirty-five thousand people that were killed in that church. Don't ask me; I can't tell you. There is the mystery. Brothers and sisters, T told you that there is a mystery about the world, and J would like to go behind it and see it. If I didn't believe it, I would say what Mr. Darrow said at the end of his speech. What was it? What was it? Wait—wait until we see it. I have lost the place, like the wee fellow in school. Here it is, "Better if we had never lived at all."

Dr. MacGowan: That is the conclusion of atheism. Now we have caught it, fatalism and pessimism. "'Might have been better if we had never lived at all." Now then, if that is life, I am sick of it. If that is all the world has to give me, it is a mighty poor business. No, no, there is a vigor and a passion and a joy in life.

You asked me what God was. What is my answer? Power, the sense of power, the confidence to believe that it is well and that there is triumph for the good cause in the world. That is what I mean. And there is a great happiness in it; that is the joy of faith in God.

I tell you, it is the response of my whole mechanism; not of my spirit—what is spirit—1 don't know, nor do I care. Leave out spirit, brothers, in any part of you. 1 get religion without the vital—1 get the religion without Jesus, but I please to take behind me, because I don't want you, Mr. Darrow, to hammer at them in the presence of these people. But if you want education on the latest ideas of the things that everybody ought to know, you get hold of that old Oxford handbook, and that will tell you. And I will give you an idea of what it is all about.

What else? The question of prayer, and prayer never answered. What do you mean by answering prayer? Do you mean I am going up to God with a collection plate and say, "God, fill it"? That is the old idea of God, but it is all gone; don't talk about that. I tell you what to do; if you want to get the latest ideas—we are talking from a modernistic platform; don't become alarmed, ray Presbyterian friends! If you want the latest idea of what prayer is, I want you to go and take Mather's book. Now, Mather is professor of geology in Harvard University; nothing much higher than that, is there? Do you know what lie does? He defines prayer. Wait now, scholar that he is, physicist and scientist, he defends prayer as a law of nature.

It sounds odd to me, and I am a religionist. Strange, but there it is; that is the very latest, that book was published in the last year. That is a wonderful defense of prayer, prayer that means the growth of one's mind, one's purpose, just through fellowship.

Now, that mystery that is there; you get no mystery? All right, some of us do, that is all there is to it.

counting. The war! If I had talked the way I wanted to in England as a young preacher they would have thrown me out of England or put me in jail. What would I call it? A dirty big dog fight. Blooming fool! What was the blooming fool business? And blooming idiot? Oh, it was the prayer of the German against the prayer of the French, it certainly is. But we were blooming idiots to be in it at all. (Applause.) There is where the idiot is, and if the people had prayed more and kept in contact with the purpose of God it never would have come. (Applause.)

I lived in the Old Country. I knew the divisions that produced the war. I knew how meti lived it, lived for it, prepared for it, set that thing before them—and they got it, and they deserved it. (Applause).

Now, free will, that is what we will to do. When it started, long before it came, the conditions were in the making. Who did it? God did it? Oh, he said it, "You blooming idiot; why did you let it go on?" And it is religion that said it and has said it from the beginning, before doubt was known, because doubt in its modern sense was not known before the 18th centurv.

It was the man of God who said, "They shall beat their swords into plow shares and their spears into pruning hooks, and they shall practice war no more." What did that? It was religion, and don't you forget some of us haven't lost it now. And if the time comes for war, I will tell you now, if 1 have to speak for it, I will tell men to go into it if they want to, but leave Jesus and God out of it. "You stand there until I stick my brother through and gut him." That is all; blooming idiots. Aye, blooming idiots for not going to the source of unction, of peace and love.

Now, what else? Can I give you something about prayer? Another thing—and here it is from a scientist. Some of you men know about Charles P. Steinmetz. Do you know what he said a little while before he died? He said this: "Some of you people don't understand that material things don't just happen"—that is the exact phrase. Then he goes on: "The time is coming when science, realizing that, will turn its laboratories over to the study of prayer and of God." Wait now, I am quoting exactly: "And we shall make more progress in one generation than in the last four." Charles P. Steinmetz! That is a bigger authority than I am; I can't speak for Mr. Darrow. These are wonderful things to talk about.

Well now, about the war again. Ha, ha, who were the big men behind the war in Europe at the time? Mention them. Georges Clemenceau; what was he? A rank atheist of the most pronounced type. There you are. The Tiger, the man who had the blood. God would have taken the claws out of the man if he had given him his spirit. The man who had no place for God.

What else? Go back to the thing that made the war, farther back, to Germany. Who was the great leader? Bismarck. A great

Christian, you say? A member of the established church in Germany, was he? Do you know what his confessions say? They say this: "In the bosom of my family I believe in God; he is real to me, but when 1 go to the Foreign Office, God is dead and religion is false." I am quoting exactly, Mr. Darrow, from the life of this man, that was published. 1 will give you the quotation if you like.

Mow wait, there were two influences behind the making of that great war. Bismarck only found that the stark facts that were there before him made it impossible to conduct the business of nations on a religious basis. Men were treating one another like animals, and that is all there is tu it.

This is the age of the conquest of doubt; in this way, doubting God. We have had it here, but I have just one quarrel with the atheist up to date; I mean Walter Lippmann, Krutch and Bertram! Russell. The)' make no attempt to prove the non-existence of God, none. What 1 want is that they should prove their negation, modern skepticism, and prove as finally as they expect the religious man to prove his hypothesis.

In the second place, I can use doubt as a good weapon just as well as an atheist or a skeptic can. It is free to every man, because it is of the spirit, just the way old Wyckliff said about the keys'of Saint Peter, when they spoke to him: "They belong to so and so." "No," he said, "because the keys of Saint Peter are spiritual, and they belong to no man."

We have the question of materialism. Do you know what materialism grew out of in the past? That these little atoms were indivisible, indestructible—they couldn't be removed, they were solid. Now what? As I say, the little atom has changcd its nature. Now we talk about electrons and protons. Nobody has ever seen them, but it is the new theory of the atom, and the result is that Professor Dewey in his different lectures tells us that we don't talk about substance any more. Where was matter to begin with, he asks? Dewey says we don't talk of substance any more. He says we talk of activity or energy.

Do you know what has happened? The electric proton has so disappeared from man's view that it has come to the very border of this mysterious world. 1 am not trying to mislead anybody—to the very border of that unseen, mysterious world.

The physicist today, for the first time in history, even when he talks of physical knowledge, is talking in terms of the 90's. Do you know what A. S. Eddington has said? When 1 talk about religion I should quote my authorities. Sir James Jeans in the terms of this mysterious universe? It is a tome of a thing, printed within the last three months. A. S. Eddington: "The Nature of the Physical World,ⁿpublished within the last year, and a companion volume with it. I recommend it to men who are altogether flat-footed on the sight of religion for that reason, because religion is in its purposes approaching the border land where we think of God. We are speaking today of the doubt of the finality of science.

Watch now! Thank God for what science has done, but scicnce is not an instrument of precision. As Mr. Darrow has said—there is nothing perfect. Take a watch, take it all apart. Have you the watch left? No, you have not. What have you lost out? Value, its usefulness, its beauty, its power in human experience. Scicnce cannot touch these invisible values that lie beyond, that is all. And we are doubting the finality of science in our own time. W^Tc arc doubting doubt. Hear me, doubting doubt. Why? Because doubt has told us this, religion and doubt and materialism stand over against each other. Religion explains man, man's lower being in terms of the higher. That is why I was living and thinking in such a high, exalted atmosphere in my first talk, and it seemed so different from Mr. Darrow in some of the things, just because of that. Idealism. Materialism explains the higher in terms of the lower. What kind of life comes from that? Great, good and noble in the case of Mr. Darrow, but is it going to be the case in the experience of all men and women? Explain the higher things, your ideals and inspirations and all the nobility of your appetites as an animal—a little more than that—God save me from a world when it comes to accepting that kind of thinking. We are beginning to doubt doubt for that very reason.

We are doubting the substitute for God. What is the substitute for God? Wait now, this ideal thing, this quest of the soul; call it poetic or romantic or what you like. What am I going to offer men and women for that? Where am I going to get the authority for it or the strength to offer it? I am doubting the substitute.

Now then, the eminent German apostle of atheism who died a few weeks ago, that man said his God is X. That is what you do in the comic. His is a godless mysticism. He is an atheist. What about Spalding and Alexander and Hoffman and all these men? They say you must worship the process of evolution, submit yourself to the laws of nature. And then I saw the thing that you saw, Mr. Darrow; that is, in my consciousness I saw a big volcano, and I saw the hideous face like a Chinese demon. I said, "I have got to worship the processes of nature?" No sir, maybe I will worship a God that is in all this thing and who is striving with his very life's blood to make a better humanity, a better world yet to be. A God striving—Oh. let me not say it, for fear the Presbyterians will get after me. (Laughter). There is the point; we are doubting. (Applause).

Mr. Darrow: It is pretty hard to be a Christian. He says if a man is laughing and healthy, that is an evidence of God. If he says he is miserable and has a cancer, God knows he needs to be chastened. Take your choice. It God is bad he is good, and if he is good lie is good, and both of them prove that there is one, that God is good and bad.

Now really, I wonder if my friend says anything that proves God. I am not an atheist; I have never explored the universe. I might find something I wasn't looking for. But there is 110 evidence that any reasoning human being could call evidence to justify such a belief. If there was a God and he wanted us to believe in him, wouldn't we know it; it ought to be easy, and it is easy. Don't you think you crowded just a little bit 011 Clemenceau and atheism? Clemenceau didn't start this war; he was called in 011 the last day, after everybody else had been exhausted.

And if the French were right and your religion is right, why God must have sent for him as the last hope.

But the Kaiser was talking about war from the beginning, about God all the time. He and God got so mixed you couldn't tell which was which. And the Czar was for God, and King George was for God, and everybody was for God. No wonder God got all mixed up and didn't know which side he was on. Nonsense! Why, Christians have been fighting forever, haven't they, since there has been a Christian? Look at the Crusades; look at every war that has happened 011 the earth since Christianity. Now I am not blaming Christianity. Human beliefs do not reach as deep as human emotions, do not reach as deep as human feelings, as deep as human hatreds and human love. Life rests on those; it doesn't rest on beliefs and fantasies.

Now, think this over a little bit, when you get a little time. Is this a good world? If it is there is no difference between good and bad, so why talk about it? Is it a bad world? If there is a difference between good and bad, much of it, at least, is horribly bad, and you can pray till the cows come home and it doesn't change. How many mothers filled the churches during the war, praying that their sons would get home safely? And how many of them died in agony and despair and never saw their home again? What lias God been doing all through the troubled ages in which men have lived? What was he doing when men were crucified for their beliefs? They were killed through the middle ages by the hundred thousands because they didn't believe in a particular kind of God. What was he doing?

He must be there because everything was so bad, but he must be there because everything was so good. They haven't got a scrap of evidence, not one little wee particle of evidence; you just say it because you want it to be true. The thing is true because you want it!

Now, let us see; my friend is a very able man; he is a logician, and then he asks, if you are discussing the question of God, is it up to you to prove there is one, or is it up to me to prove there isn't? Now, any logician knows better; he affirms there is; give me one scrap of evidence. It is not up to me to prove the blank; T wouldn't undertake it anyway, because that is a subject nobody can possibly fathom. First causes cannot be reached by human intellects, if there are such things as first causes.

Now, I don't know; my friend seems to be somewhat of a mixture of scientific thought. He is honest enough and intelligent enough not to ignore science, but if it comes to science and theology, why he is very strange on the theology. Has Eddington or any of these men changed the theories that have been coming for years about matter? 1 say no. True, we used to believe in the atom as the last unit. That is not true, because they have discovered that the atom is made of something else; they call them electrons; they are electrons and a nucleus, but they are just as hard and just as solid as they ever were. You can't make me believe that there is no such thing as what we call matter. When I sit down on a chair I feel the greatest confidence that something will stop me before I reach the floor. (Laughter.) There is not a word in any of these men that he quoted that upholds the theological views of the world, not a single word, and I am pretty familiar with most of them.

After we get through, I want you to tell me, Doctor MacGowan, where I can find that quotation from Steinmetz; but you needn't bother now. I can't believe it. It can only be explained in two ways; one is that he meant something entirely different from what you people mean, and the other is that he was losing his mind when he died.

Now, I will tell you why I say it; he was one of the greatest scientists that ever lived; no doubt about it. He was an unbeliever all his life—all his life. Of course histories arc full of unbelievers that died Christians, but practically all of them denied. Now, I don't mean to tell you that I don't believe yours. I have heard of Bob Ingersoll's repenting before he died, and yet the very people that lied about him knew that he didn't have time to repent, for he dropped dead. (Applause.)

For a lifetime Steinmetz was a wizard in electricity, a thorough materialist, an ardent socialist—and very few of them are anything else, although some of them are—very few—and I have difficulty in believing that he ever said any such thing, although it might be so—it might have been published. I know it has, because my friend said it has. I would like to have held an inquest 011 his sanity when lie died.

Now, what else? He says he believes in the soul. What does lie know about the soul? What does the man say when he says he believes that you have a soul? Is it anything but a word? What does he mean by it? Where does the soul come from? We know where life came from; we know it came from the union of a spermatozoon with a cell, and from that kind of a union, life came; if it was that kind of a cell, it came into existence, and we know that with death or accident or disease, the cells break apart and the person is known no more.

I tell you it is not possible. I don't blame anybody for wanting to see Mary Jane in heaven; I don't blame them. I know some people that I would like to see myself, and some that I wouldn't. But I know it is an absolute impossibility. Let me ask you—just go home and think about it, if you want to. If it makes you unhappy, shut it off. You are going to heaven, are you? Where is it? Did you ever hear of anybody going and coming back? What is your soul? It is not matter, evidently. Just what? Did anybody ever hear of intelligence disconnected with a brain and a nervous system? It is utterly unknown in human life; there is no such tiling, so far as I know.

Let me ask you this question, and I want you to think it over for half a second—that is long enough—and then if you want to claim that you believe something entirely impossible, go ahead with it; you can't get too much pleasure out of life—go to it and get some fun out of it. Suppose someone told you you were going to Kamchatka next week and you were going to stay a week,- and you had to go_% What would you do? You would look up a book that tells something about Kamchatka. Yes, and you would go to a railroad office or a steamship office and find out what kind of people live there. You would want to know all about the country.

Now, let me tell you Christians—I have no objections to Christians except that most of them aren't, but let me ask you to be honest about it. Suppose a doctor comes and tells you that something is terribly wrong with you and you had better make your will, because within one week you are going to Goofville; you were not going to take your body with you, but you were going; leave your body here and start off to Goofville. You are not going for a year, but you are going for all eternity. Millions and millions and trillions of eons in Goofville. Don't you suppose you would try to find out where Goofville was and where you were going and how you were going; whether you were going by airplane or submarine or ship or railroad, or going to walk? And what arc you going to take? You don't take your body. So a man, it seems to me, must be plumb crazy to talk about it.

Now, everybody knows that if they believed that there was such a place, they would try to find out where it was, wouldn't they, and how they get there. Somewhere in heaven! Where is heaven? Ninety-five million miles from here to the sun, and you haven't started! When you get out a ways it is as cold as the most frigid winter, black as night, groping through darkness to nowhere. Tell me that there is any sense in it! It is a vain, vague, insane dream, born of hope and fear.

it, believe in it if you can, but you don't. The most ardent Christia in this audience doesn't believe in it. Let me prove it. You are gc ing to be happy when you get to heaven. Suppose you had a cance —i am crazy about canccr (laughter). They show the goodness c Cod for making us unhappy so that we can be happy. That i what we need, is to be unhappy, for we all have a plenty.

Now, let's see, suppose you have a cancer and you paid out al your money; and suppose you are a Christian and you prayed unti you are black and blue in the face, and your wife and your chilclrei and your husband and your neighbors prayed too, and they have ; prayer for you in church, and everybody is praying, and the docto is working. And you have got religion and you know you are goin£ to heaven; you know you arc going to heaven, and you go and ge an operation and suffer agony so that you will live a little longer ii hell. And you hear of all kinds of doctors, and you try them, ever down to Christian Science, and still you are in torture. And yoi go all over the world and get cut to pieces by inches so you can live a week longer, suffer pain and torture, rather than go to a heaven and be happy. Now, explain it! There isn't a thing in it except the dread of death and the hope that springs eternal, that's all.

I used to want to live forever—T can't say 1 have entirely got over it, and be honest, and 1 want to be perfectly honest with you as i understand it—I have absolutely given it up.

My friend gives his religious experiences. It is funny how many of these preachers used to be atheists, especially how many of those with whom I have debated. Some of them I have doubts about, but not this one. There are more preachers who have been atheists, and if I was a father to a young man I would wish that he would be an atheist, so he would become a preacher. (Laughter.)

But I never was a Christian in the sense we call a Christian, in believing in a heaven and having a definite belief in a God and a Savior. I never did, but I used to want to believe 1 could live forever. It is a long time; it would be pretty horrible if you couldn't die if you wanted to. But that is still another thing. Things are not this way or that way because we want them; they are just this way or that way because they are this way or that way, that's all. I have given it up, and I have had more consolation and peace since I have given it up, and I have had more peace than X ever had while 1 was trying to believe in it. That is just what you Christians are doing this minute, you arc trying to believe in it, but there is not a scrap of evidence that is not violation of all human reason and all human experience. T don't want to make you unhappy; I honestly believe you would be happier if you gave it up.

What is all this about higher and lower; which way is higher and which way is lower? Blamed if I know. My friend looked up when he said higher, and down when he said lower. When he gets up, answer me—the world will have moved several hundred thousand miles, and so he had better look down when he says highei and up when he says lower. Does it mean anything other than words ? That is all, just words. Why do you suppose God is so almightily interested in whether we are higher or lower? If he wants us higher he can do it; if he wants us lower he can do it, and if he is right it is none of our concern.

And this other idea, free will. Whoever knew anything about free will? Did you manage to get yourself born? That is pretty important. If you didn't do that you didn't do anything. Did you pick out your parents so that you could have money or education? Did you tell how big a brain or how fine a one you would have? Did you choose that? Did you choose whether you would be lame or halt or blind? Did you have that choice? If you are rich, was that because you had the free will to get it? If your health is good, was that free will or luck? If you are happily married—well, if you are! (Laughter.) Did the husband and wife come together by will, or did they happen to be crossing a street at the same time, and meet? What was it? Free will? A man has no more free will to do with himself than a wooden Indian has to do with it. We are born without effort, we die without our free will; you haven't any free will when it comes to dying. We die against our will. Most of us arc poor against our will; most of us have pain and suffering when we will to have happiness. Friends we love most die and leave us, deserted and alone. When you live to the time that I have lived, almost everyone that you knew in the vigor of your manhood is dead. When you think about it, what do you know about free will? Free will is a misnomer and a nonsensical idea. Nietzsche says that free will is invented for giving God an excuse for damning man. If he is bad it must be because he wanted to be bad; therefore you justify God.

We arc just like all the rest of "creation"; we come and we live and we have our joys and our sorrows, our brief triumphs and our bitter despairs, and we die, and we are not consulted; we are not bidden to the feast of life; we are not asked whether we desire to die; we are moved here and there by every breeze that blows, in spite of our strongest inclination or our deepest desire, and we haven't a single thing to do about it. (Applause.)

Dr. MacGowan: The Steinmetz quotation may be found in one of two books, for certain. I would imagine that it is in Brightman's book—Brightman, who is the University of Boston philosophy professor, and I am now reviewing the book for Carnegie Library and it will be on the shelves, if I am not too lazy, within the next few days. And the other book—this next otic is fifteen cents, but it is a wonderful compilation of essays on "What Religion Means to Me," from every point of view except your own, Mr. Harrow, and it is a wonderful book, but I will get it for you and see that it is put in your hands. You will get it right there in one of these two books.

Now, an agnostic. Was I wrong in talking about an atheist, a materialist? He is talking to you about free will. lie is not questioning free will; he is saying there is no such thing. What is that? That is not an agnostic. When you talked to these people about heaven, do you know what you said? You said, "I know that it is an absolute impossibility." Now, what is that? That is atheism.

Dr. MacGowan: No, no, that is about heaven; that is the approach of atheism to heaven. So that you can't call yourself, afte all is said and done, an agnostic.

And you say that God is a blank. My, but you are desperately interested in a blank. Why do you come here and talk about a blank? Men don't shoot sparrows. (Laughter.)

Maybe I am wrong in getting into the argument at all, but go and tell them, Mr. Darrow, I am not scared, because the trend is that maybe He is here to take the blank out of your mind and serve humanity in doing it, and making you believe that way.

Rut I believe—this man's father was a Unitarian preacher—I believe that there is a religious complex in that man's nature. I would like a psycho-analyst to get hold of him. The fact that he comes here to discuss religion at all is a backhand compliment to the thing for which I stand.

Now, about Christians all being at war. I wonder if he has heard about the company, when they were called out, company after company; they were called out and cut down by the Emperor, for what they stood; for that cause they would not fight. Not always have they stood for war. May war become impossible as the centuries go by.

Religion without heaven; is it possible? Why, certainly. How much heaven did you hear about in the Old Testament? Very, very little. Even Jesus does not lay the emphasis altogether on that subject. The point is this, that it is best to live, even if you think about it not at all. So it is better to live no matter what the eventuality may be,

You remember Butler, how he directed his thoughts toward God. He began with one word, probability. He said "Probability is the guide of life," and from that probability it is true—it may possibly be true.

The Court Jester! I have worn the fool's hat, Master, for long. And you are dying; you are going on a long journey, Master, and he has made no preparation; he has no food for the way, no horse for the way, nothing, nothing. What do you think of that man? Fool he is. Well, sir, take my mark, you are that fool. The king had made no preparation for that journey. I don't care a snap; let there be no heaven; it will be better anyhow at the end of the day to have lived the right life.

If I had been you and if I had conducted your argument I would have dismissed the thought of heaven with a puff of my breath and have said, "So much for that!" and gone on about something far more important. Nobody wants to think about it, anyhow. There you are.

There are three eras for mankind throughout the centuries. The first is man mistakes himself for God. That is what mutiny may do; that is what the Kaiser did; he mistook himself for God.

Secondly, they mistake their bodies for their souls, and they live for their appetites. That is hell.

And thirdly, they mistake time for eternity. Better is it that man should say, "Let this be the preparation for something better, even if it only be a better generation that is to come after me."

What substitutes have we had tonight for what I have offered you? Tell me? What substitutes for your mind, for the heart of you that waits to be satisfied?

This omission that I talked about to begin with, what have you to offer? I don't know. My heart would still be hungry and my brain would be clamoring for its sense of finality. Was it talked about protection? We made no argument on protection, we made no argument about the finite or infinite, that was not in the substance, but if you like perfection in the mind as a dream, for the imagination, to stir men on to better things, you reformers, }'ou men who are working for the improvement of the classes.

One thought more and I will finish. I have been reading Dr. Cotton's book on Bishop Laud, in the early 13th century in England. Bishop Laud was a dictator, a tyrant, and he would drive men into the kingdom of the church, and the poor Quakers, oh how they suffered, and the Puritans, alas and alack for them. And so they coined a phrase for him, and they said "Jesus was the lamb of God; behold the lamb of God," but they said, "Lord Bishop Laud, the ram of God; behold the ram of God." I like to think of it that way. Now wait, Mr. Darrow, I don't mean it as an insult—you Protestants and Catholics, to ram you into sensibility and tolerance—but to lead you into a deeper study and clearer understanding. I am glad some of you arc here to get that impact and to strengthen you that belief is not the easy thing that some people say.

With labored steps we slowly swing along the way, Seeking the soul not all men know. And of the weary wait while the shadows grow, Trusting hard that the morn will show,. A clearer road to the hills of God.

These books arc the most amazing bargain In the history of printing! Think of it! Your choice, any book in this gigantic collection of 1,500 different titles, for 5c postpaid to any address! Did a nickel ever buy more? These arc the world-famous Little Blue Books, pocket-sized miracles of the modern printing press. Make your selection today—read "How to Order" below.

Love Ttilf%* 909 Tak* of Monk* 285 Ettphorion in Texas. Moore. 1202 Forbidden love 1176 A Mad lxne 1190 What rriro Lovo? 337 Plppa Pas** Ixne.

Life. Boccaccio 716 Daughter of live 283 Miles SUmdish's Courtship 79 Enoch Ardcn 1195 Firn Love, etc. 1149 Irish Love Poems

21 Loves of Carmen 178 Cleopatra> sizut 230 Blonde Mistress 404 Romances of Part* 410 Love Misadventures 810 Pari* Scandals 817 Her Burning Secret 892 Lovers* Follies 345 Vampire <1- Harlot 319 Infamous Intriguo

Honore de Balzac 15 Atheist's Maw. etc. 143 TIujo of the Terror 318 Christ In Flanders 344 Passion In Desert

Swinburne 427 Love Poems. Keats 766 Cft&iLin: Love puppets. Sehnitzler 1342 Love Problems Answered

14 Facts for Otrls 74 Sex Physiology 91 Manhood Facts 653 Facts for Boys 651 For Young Men 655 For Youii* Women 65o For Married Men 657 I or Martful w omen

Today 213 Kills' Scx-T.lfe 966 Modern Sex KthJcs 661 America & Sex 800 Hex in Psycho-

904 Sox symbolism 950 H«*x Determination 9H7 Art of Kifttina 988 Art of Courtship

How to Ordpr Always order by numbers now xo uruer instead of titles and authors.

Write down thfl numbers of the books you want, as they appear In-fore the title* in this list. Be sure to order at (cost 20 books at one time (£1 worth): remit at the rate of 5c per book. We pay the postage when remittance accompanies order; postage is added to C.O.D. orders, so remit with order and save postage. Canadian and foreign customers must always remit In advance by international postal money order or draft on any U. S. bank.

Dati£orous? 1371 Sin* or Good People 1379 Pres. Harding's H-frgttiinatc Daughter 13Sf> j iobh a Devil 140^ What's Wrong wltb

Sensations ust The Xew immorality Prostitution 236 Prostitution in Ancient World I 111 Prostitution lu

167 :?Mles of Health 6:>8 Mouth cV Teeth 1242 Care of Skin & Hair 12W HoW to Chouse &

Doctor 1321 Fastin? for Health 7»3 Physiology Facts 7-ii and Diet i 1 -ft ICatfag for Health 794 Facts About "Patent Medicines"

278 Hcaliiu: Cults 870 Tui*vr» ulosls Vixcte 875 Dlabotcs FiK'tS 1071 Cancer Facts 1071 liKauity Facts 6SJ I ifc of Pasteur HO > lUdiuiu Wonders 1050 X-Rny, Violet Ray 419 Auto-Sv^Tewtion and H<'altlt 93 How ro l ive 100 Years. Cornaro 269 Can Faith Heal? 983 Christ Kin Science Facts

Each book measures about 3^ x5 inches in size. The volumes run from 32 to 12H pages each; most of the books contain 04 pages or 15.000 words of text. Easily readable type. Sti.7 substantial covers. Uniformly bound in blue stock, titles in black. Books readily fit the pocket, handbag, or satchel. Convenient, durable, high literary standard. Cheap only in price!

524 Problems of Death 271 Is Death inevitable? 374 Suicide Psychology 996 Dual Personality 721 Burbank's Funeral 474 JLs Man an Electric

Thru Collie 435 100 Beet BnoKS 463 Art of Reading 1 09 Facts About Classics 531 19th Century

743 Plans Geometry 9?4 l'1'.ynlc* 7jo Botany: Plant Life S95 Astronomy (Stars) 725 Zoology: Animate 4G5 Economics: Wealth 133 Klectricity fwta \ 1s5 The Weather t:S0 Viutts About Heat 1323 Facts About Light 1327 Facts About Sound 1352 Chemistry of

Proper Names 855 Letter-Wrlttnc 986 Talking A Debating 367 Conversation HeJps 734 Useful Phrase

1109 Spanish Self-Taught It05 Spanish Dictionary 1222 Spanish Headlncs 1207 French Self-Taught ic;i French Dictionary

Dictionaries 56 American Slang 25 Rhyming Dictionary 192 Bvnonyms 499 Classical Dictionary 902 Foreign Words 905 Biblical Allusions

1259 (fcogTaphle Names 1002 Sea Terns 452 Scientific Words 754 Fmwus Authors 1354 Striking Similes 1364 How to Use a *

Business lor Yourself 431 Commercial Geography 751 How to Merchandise 459 How to Write

9 08

775

805 430 729 1031

1351 1375

1470

Order At Least Twenty Books.

Due to the low price of thc^o books we cannot accept orders for \<x& than 20 books at ono time (Si worth). Order 20 or more—your own seloo tlou—putting down the numbers of the titles you want. Remit SI for 20 books (minimum order); SI.05 for 21 books; SI.25 for 25 books: 11.50 for 30 books: S2 for 40 books; etc. We pay the postage when full remittance acoompanles order— read "How to Order" at the bottom of the opposite pa«e.

1097 Memory Helps 1221 WUl-Power Facts 1286 1b l'"rec VV ill True? 403 Facts About Music 387 Facts About

Sculptors 46S Architecture Facts 859 How to Enjoy Good Music 897 How to Enjoy Heading

973 What Art Means 737 Meaning Of Life 643 Terse iT'e Truths 171 Has Life Meaning? 762 Optimism or Pessimism? 201 Conversations on Life

842 Best 192/5 Jokes 1231 Best 1026 Jokes 869 Boat 1<>27 Jokes 1475 Best 1928 Jokes 287 Best Doctor Joke* 768 Best Lawyer Joker, 879 Best Preacher Jokos 1246 Best Hobo Jokes 971 Funny Anecdotes 1014 American Jokes 422 Yankee Jokes 1184 Scotch Jokes 1013 Irish Jokes 1012 Negro Jokea 1082 Jewish Jokes

1035 Italian Humor 1036 Oerman Humor 972 Popular Jokcbook 658 Book or Toasts 8S9 Kfeving Jokes 121 I Best Ford Jokes i Jokos Ahout Drunks •2-19 Best Lover Jokes 1220 liofnt Rube Joke* 1146 Colleco Humor 959 Am<mo Humor 060 Ani» r^!« :tn Wit H9i Latast Broadway

Josh Billing* 771 Humor of BiU Nye 18 Idle Thots of an Idle Fellow. Jorome 1171 Funny Sta#eland Facts. Jerome 59 Epigrams of Wit 6c Wickedness

5 Dr. Sam Johnson 312 I ,aurencc Sterne 42*) Jonathan Swift 702 iutHlecMiaiRowdies 537 I*. T. Barnum's Circus

The University in Print

This series. known as the? Utile Blue Hooks, which now contains 1.500 differeni t!tlr** on all subjects, has also boon called The University In Print. TU«u? 1,500 ln*>ks contain more than 20,000,000 wordsl Vou can lind whatever kind of readlim you desire, at a cost of only 5c per book. Dr Harry Elmer Harnw. eminent sociologist, says of these pocket-slzcd volumes: "The collection is more than a University In Print, for no university student ever covered as wide a miwe of material as is in-cludec! In the 1.500 titles. While the unique service of the Little Blue Hooks has been to spread real culture among the people. this set of hooka Is cheap only In terms of price. It embraces materials which many a well-read scholar could examine with profit and dignity." Take your pick of this Immense list—your choice, 6c per book postpaid!

OciioK Always order by numbers How to Order Instead of titles and authors.

Write down the number* of the books you want, as they appear before the Uttes in this Il3t. Be sure to order at least 20 books at one time ($1 worth): remit at the rate of 5c per book Wo pay the postage when remittance accompanies order; postage Is added to C.O.D. orders, so remit with order and sav« j>ostogo. Canadian and foreign customon- must always remit in advance by international p<*tal money order or draft on any U. S. bank.

with Head Shapes 704 Fun with Palmistry 767 Fun with Astrology 845 Fortune-Telling

Chcetarc 606 How to Play Chess I Mow to Swim S47 Card Carries 715 Auction Bridge 125-1 Contract Brldrrc 1006 Child's Cam<* 1239 Party Games for (rrown»Upfi 17 Joys of Hiking

1261 Tongue-Twisters 1103 Pu*y-Ic« & Brain-teasers 893 BOO Riddle* 1175 lUddies A Answers 347 Amusing Riddle Rimes

Songs 743 Christian Hymtw 39R Irish Folk fiongs 301 Sailor Hongs 1049 How to Sing 995 Play the Piano 1005 How to Enjoy

61 What U Rellcrion? 124 Belncarnatlon 132 Major Raltelons 204 Sun Worship 207 Olympian 211 God In Nature 218 Talmud Et&ence 428 Koran E^seneo 325 Buddhism Essonee

Confuelus 421 Yoga Philosophy 684 Judaism Ffcwncr 753 Catholicism Enseneo 498 Anelstlt Mythology 614 Religious

A 5*181 854 Loyola <fe Jesuits 735 Confessions of St. Au<ustJne 76 Prince of Peace. Bryan 907 Sex Obsessions of Saints

928 Darwinist's K<*!Won 1217 Why I Didn't Enter file Ministry 140 LI?/ & l>rsr.iny 30 What IJfc Means to Me. Jack London 677 What Can FreoMr.n Won«Mj>? Ru&vll 4f»0 Rati mzSibt Essays 579 I!aoci:vTa Atheism 191 Evolution vs. 1 >ow.a 1187 Purpose of Parables 1158 Sex d- Garden of

Bernard Shw 62 Nature of Rcll«Ion. Schopenhauer 781 OiU'.'iUctam & 1265 la "Elmer Gantry" True?

127 Rome or Reason? 130 Christianity Debate 88 Defense of l*atne 185 Twilight of Gods 236 Reasons for

t-hjlasr>phor 28 Toleration 174 I Miitoes on Religion 52 Who Was VoltiUrc? 506 Life of v oltfilttt 1406 Voltaire's Weapon, the Smile!

Byrd Antarctic Expedition Chose Little Bine Books

The Byrd Antarctic, expedition selected this scries of Little Blue Book* as a desirable complete library to take to theAntarctic Circle, during the exploring expedition which went so far from civilisation. These very books have been read by men of the Antarctic Expedition to while away the Ion* hours of the Antarctic night. The compact pocket-alz* of these books make them especially suitable for any trip—so much can be crammed into such small space. Yet the type J« clear and easily readable. The choice of the Byrd Expedition is but another tribute to the general excellent ami high literary standard of this world-famous series of Little Blue Books. Make your .selection today—tiny 20 books for $1, and as many more as you like at £c apiece post pal*¹!__

Order At Least Twenty Books

Due to the low price of three books we cannot accept orders for lew than 20 books at one tlmo (11 worth). Order 20 or more— your own selection—putting down the numbers of tho titles you want. Remit $1 for 20 books {minimum order): §1.05 for 21 books: $1.25 for 25 books; $1.50 for 30 books; $2 for 40 books: etc We pay the postage when full remittance accompanies order— read "How to Order" at the bottom of the opposite page.

1079 Sox in Religion 1084 Did Jceu* Live? 1095 Christian Morality 1102 Pajran Christ* 1104 Resurrection Myth 1107 legends of Saints 1110 Christianity's

1142 Medfcwd 8dence ii&t story or Ji^uiis 1145 Froneh Revolution 1150 Church™ &

lYoKrew 1203 Inftdcl Presidents 1235 Paine vs. Bible 1211 Science Religion 1515 Life of Ingcrsoll 1218 Truth of Christian

1237 Scientists' Beliefs 1243 Christian Missions 1248 Religious Literature 1262 16 Evolution True? 1450 Do We Live

33 Smasher of Shams 181 Thorcau's Epigrams 238 Modern Sclcaoe 267 Ford's 5-Day Week 433 Lift of Marat 4*1 Debunking Ka*ys 472 Butler's Votes 504 Myth of Paul

Debates 343 Diary of Columbus 351 Memories of Linooln 503 The Civil War 521 Life of John Brown 523 Life of Franklin 597 Story of American

1055 Civil War TaJoa (2) 1065 lAve* of Presidents lICK) Civil War Ilorron* 124! U. S. History in

Other History iost Fa*Msm Frvct* IMS Ahmet Mium »»lnl 104 Kaeifr Of Watrtloo £4 Man In Iron Mitsk

142 J^tre of nJ&m::rck 147 Life ef CromweN 126 History of Home 128 Lire of C'aecwtr

647 Ijos Angeles 752 California 1297 Arkansas 1384 Gory. Ind. 1397 Small Town Humor 1401 Hollywood. Calif.

America 981 Son** for New Afce 797 20 Yean* In Africa 649 Art of Cosmetics 5*4 Mystic Materialism 1124 On the Bum: Tramp Life

840 Civilization Lies 1267 '.roAmcrteons Standardized? 12^)3 What America Ncccls Minneapolis vs.

698

699

1163

1164

1165

1166 1167

Divorce 83 Story of Marriage 228 Plain Talks 964 Married Happiness 1225 How to Avoid

1250 Judge Llndsey on Companionate Marriage 1258 Why I Believe in Companionate Marriage. Mm. IL-J. 1^17 Why I Defend Trial

Soldi

In fen year* wo havo sold over foO_rOoO,(MN) copies of tdeso i.litk: Blue BooXS t^ sotbiflrd readers in every state of the urion and In every land on the

5:1 obc. There is not a trashy, cheap book in the ot it is time that you. too, joined the thrones or Little Blue Rook readers! Educate yourself, entertain yourself, enlighten your mind, develop your character, learn about Ideas, about life, about love, about paasion, by reading Little Blue Books. Take your pick of this huge list of 1,500 different titles for only 6c per book, postal prepaid to any address in the world!

Salome. Wilde

Klro. Chekhov Prostitute's Motherly Love, etc. Sinner alius Saint (Tartuffe). MoHerc Night Flirtation Bluebeard's Wives Italian Talcs A Bath. Zola Cod of Yengeanoe Queen of Spedca French Tales of

Passion Cruelty Dream-Woman.

WIlKle CollifW Pellea* Mriisande Dream*. Schrelner Love's Heroism A-Other Talcs

* _ Always order by numbers

MOW to Urtier instead of titles and authors.

rite down the numbers of the books you want, as they appear before the titles \u this list. Be sure to order at least 20 books at one time fSl worth): remit at the rate of 5c per book. We pay the postage when remlttanoe accompanies order: postage is added to C.O.D. orders, so remit with order and save postage. Canadian and foreign customer* must always remit in advance by international postal money order or draft on any U. 8. bank.

by Kn»hrvomgy 568 D.';rwln ICvoiutlon 13 tiuny of Man 42 Or-2ln of Mankind 47 An^nt Sea Anl-lualb (Pictures)

275 Building of Earth 415 AKe of Mammals 555 lurch's Structure 2J2 Survival of Fittest 327 The loe Age

580 Polar Exploration 469 Egypt of Yesterday 602 Great. Pyramid 565 Magellan's Voyage 150 Loet Civilisation

Travels 642 Xew Atlantis 559 Robinson Crtisoe 1201 on Desert Island 844 Gulliver's Travels 161 Country of Blind.

148 Hrcngth of strong 15.? .Son of the v,o»r 223 WIf : rtf ft KilKT 2S3 Far North T:ilea 640 rise A Potato 1322 Tft!^ Of N<vhh 1*24 Hnnv.fj Va-ms 116ft \-iYMitur* £firri>* ! I<>9 'l^U-S "f Fitted 133 Lite or London

151 Man Who Would Co King (Tales) 331 Fivrat .Story in Workl (Tales) 352 Man Who Wa* 333 Mulvaiiey Storks 336 Mark of Beast 357 City of Nieht

Women 106 Daring Frenchwoman on Life 182 Datay Miller, Jarnca 304 Great Women About Men 323 Joan of Arc 666-667 Memories of Parisian Actress (Sarah Bernhardt) 718 Women of rase 809 Intimate Notes on Her Husband. Mrs. H^J. 888 Madame do Stael 982 Mary Baker Eddy

« Lady Windermere's Pan. Wilde 239 26 Men Girl 418 Bacchante 229 Ridiculous Women 308 She Stops to

Conquer 577 Lifted Veil. Eliot 955 Italian Love Tales 1193 Woman's Way, etc. 1322 Confc.Hsioiw of

595 Hypocrite's Love-Ijjre. Beerbohm 616 Lady of the Lake 62$ Sophocles' Blrctra 631 The Nattuwonuui 674 Falcon. Boccaccio 780 Billed Damozel.

V.xvSW Tola 134 Parisian v. utaw's Lover's (Mto.ii-throne). Mol'.erc 1392 Conff-ssfon* of a

Cessi^fiete Ses For $ 75 ttKH

As a special inducement to readers wMi to svfnrc tiic complete flcTk^S «.f I.-'jOO different LtttlO B.iBooks, we are making a bargain price of $75.0v including a!i parkin? and cnrrJajre eharccs 7-iiV the full 6ct. For 975: >u r.v: 1,500 different ratals at this rate they you only three cents eucil! THIS PRICK APPLIES ONLY WHK.V A COMPLI2TK RET OF 1.500 BOORS 19 OR~ DERI5D AT ONE TIM 15, on? of each title listed 00 these panes. cannot bo broken at this

price. Anything lew than a complete set. or any assortment other than one of each of i he 1 ,500 titles, must bo paid fi* at the regular price of f>c per book. For. t75 however, you will pet a colossal library, with notfka on scores of subjects, by hundred* of eminent writers. It is a splendid investment. Each complete %?t includes a genuine b!ft^* levant leather slip cover at no extra cost. And$75 1ft all you pay—we pay all packing and carriage eTiargces, no matter where you live.

Order At Least Twenty leeks.

Due to the low price of the-*: books we cannot accept orders for leis than 20 boofca at one time (Si worth). Order 20 or more—your own selec-tioo—putting uown the numbers of the titles you want. Remit $1 for 20 books (minimum order): 81 for 21 books; $1.25.for 2* books: SI CO for 30 book*. S2 for 40 books; etc. We pay the po*tiu?e when full remittance accompanies order— read "How to Order" at the bottom of the opposite page.

636 C/J'<vtrnt TMn-: J Wortd.DntmmOD 633 Ciiv.rj <.f Watty. 66} My BraMicr Paul.

Cinderella Talcs 9 IK Russian Stories 956 if.aM;:ii Stories 1114 Pas^aces from Huk« 1196 Girl with Three

More Homelike 1032 Home Gardening 1090 Growing Fruits 860 Household Insects 814 Cat & Dog Boot

Affections 1063 What Laughter Is 1247 Love a- Hate 377 Joy <1- Sorrow 359-360-361 362 Pay-chology of Man. Shakespeare 4 vols. 447 Auto-Sug*«5tlon 417 Nature of Dreams 1978 Ptsyehology of Jui« 1051 What Genius Is 693 Animal Psychology 92 Hypnotism Facta

(Cone.) IU2 I^yeho-Aualysis of the Jew* 782 Mind A: Body 784 AoulVrtto Tests 1344 How to i nvciio-Ansiyse Your

Carl vie 55 Life of Spencer 890 Nletwche's Epigrams of Power 195 Nature Thoughts. Thoreau

10 Story of Nietzsche 39 Story of Aristotle 159 Story of Plato 443 Story of Bacon 520 Story of Spinoza 512 Story of Voltaire 611 Story of Kant 700 Story of Arthur Schopenhauer 772 Story of Si*ncer 802 Today's European

714 Ralph W. Emerson 508 Story of Beffcson 64 Story of Eucken 210 Stoic Phllosoi fcy 153 Chinese Philosophy 613 Anclcnt

550 Art. Self-Rylance 351 Beauty. Worship 552 Fate. Illusion* 353 Wealth. Culture 423-424-425 426 Representative Men.

37 John Ball. Morris 94 Trial A. Death of Sucrat^ •150 Guy do Maupassant 4*1 IjOTd Byron 453 Joseph Conrad o<»l (>*•.,r \\ tide 432 Oscar Wilde's

Outline 293 Francois Villon 393 Frederick the Great 409 Great 8etoDtlHU 270 Lord Duawiy. etc. 272 John Galsworthy.

165 ii^wrowry of future •>25 timtm'o of Ants OoiltemL-d Man 927 Stolen BaCl»U*

Murder & Crime 27 Last Days of Condemned Nlwi. Hugo _ _a149 Historic Crimes 279 Markhelm's

What a Little Blue Book Is

Understand clearly What a "Little Blue Book" Is. A Little Blue Book is one of a scries of pocket-alted books. n->w containing 1,500 different titJcii. costing only 5c each postpaid to any addrcm In the world. Tho books are all uniformly buuud in at Iff blue covers. The si so of each book Is about 31$ x Inches. The books run from :*2 to pasts; most of tbo books contain 04 pages. They are printed in eight-point type (about tho bIze used In your dully newspaper). A fi-Hme Little Blue Book contains 15,000 words of text—a fat nickel's worth! Every hook Is well-printed and substantially bound. The handy alte makes these volumes useful for carrying in the pocket, lu the aide-pockets of your car, In your suitcase or bag, or for fcooplng In your desk at the office. Get the Little Blue Book habit! Order thwe books 20 at a time for 51—we pay the postage!

«____ ^^ Always order by numbers

Mow to oraer Irwtea<i of tltloa and authors. W^rritc down the numben? of the books you want, us they appear before the title* In this list. Be nure to order at least 20 books at one time ($1 worth): remit at the rate of 5c per book. Wo pay the post ago when remittance accompanke order: postage Is added to C.O D. order*, so remit with order and save postage. Canadian and foreign customers must alwayn remit In advance by International poctal money order or draft on any 17. S. bank.

of Youth 819 Strange Murders 912 Detective Htorlce 10^1 Bandit Talcs 10*6 Favorite Murder.

Raven." Poo 68 Shakespeare's KontieU 832 Poems of Catullus 740 Bryant's Pottns 711 Whit tier* * Poems 742 EmorSiMi's Poen*s 744 Shelley's Puems 774 German Pot mn 618 Wr.dswonb's Poems 7vu vuioo s poems 2S4 Rob't Burns' Poems 298 Poetry of Today 492 \\ m. Monte* Poems

621 Benjamin Disraeli 188 Geo. Bernard Shaw 331 Charles Dickens 1<>S Cmcar Wilde 402 George Moore 310 Wat. M. Thackeray 216 Ifelnrleh Heine

Clarence Darrow Inwtrt Jk Men 829 About Voltaire 9? 3 Skeleton In Closet Art ik Literature 974 Ordeal of

Progressing? 1256 Dn'-Uw Debate ^ 500 Are We Machine? 843 Can We Control Our Conduct? 1423 Immigration 1-aw

.,« ». -ti:v<-1306 Ncxtii'h Contributions to American OlUure 20⁴) Orcstt Outdoors.

S. Ylercck, 2 vols. 659 ?>relwr'« Stories 678 University to Print 719 Southern Poetry 865-866 Malu Street

588 The Juwrle. vols. 590-591-592 The Millennium. 3 vokc. 589 The Pot-Boiler 594 The Overman 630 f*eoond-£tory Man 632 Tlie Machine 634-635 Captain of

Dickens 85 Attack on the Mill: War Story. Zola 100 Re<l f*u*h of War 105 7 Hanged. Andreyev 145 Ghost Stories 215 Miraculous

Spanish Torturer 967-96S Htorlffi by Stephen Crane. ⁴A vob. 9*>0 Supernati: :»i i airs® 97»; out of tsc ravdh 1175 ¹ ilH)Ul8 «fc OSu«ra lft.10 l!itunte<l Hemes 1160 G*v»:rt \ urns 1 162 Talra of \ UtaJJi3 117«> runny Gfuut TaJe3

Oscar Wilde 5M African JumcleTalea 807 Afrit-in N'e^ro Taleft 497 Greek «V RoiitMi Heroes <Lcscndrt)

Leatber Cover

You can Kot a genuine hbek levant (sheepskin) li'j.lhci' s«li» cover, to prntect your Little Blue Books wiillo in use. f'>r onty 50c jx*tp;Jd. This leuther slip cover holds nonk ai a time; u book may ho slipped in or cut of tuo cover in a few geranda. Enjoy the luxurious "foeT of real leather. Protect your books while you read them. Ju*t add 60c to the amount of your order and ask for one of these real leather covers. We pay the postage!

Order At Least Twenty Books*

Due to the low price of those books we cannot accept ordcra for than 20 books at one time (SI worth). Order 20 or more—your own selection—putting down the numbors of the titles you want. Remit $! for 20 books (minimum order); $1.05 for 21 books: $1.25 for 2f> books: SL50 for 30 books; $2 for 10 books: etc. We pay the !>ostage when full remittance accompanies order-read "How to Order" at the bottom of the opposite page.

12 Foe's Mystery Tales 41 Christmas Carol 44 Aesop's Fables 57 Rip Van Winkle 146 Sxk>wbound * Pied

Mark Twain 301 Cowboy Songs 324 Life of Lincoln 340 Life of Jesuft 347 Riddle Rimes 382 Lincoln's Humor

Heart'* Desire.

Win. But lei Yeats! 13th Century Tales Yiddish Stories Stork** by Totetol Orteln of Roast Chits. Umt) Is Procrc.** an

Illusion? Let torn of Cicero L«V o' Hry:»Ti Serpents TO»A1I

< Storks) Desc Stork* of 102S

485 Voyage to the Moon 501 How to Tie Knots 516 Ke-al Adventures 538 Tal«*s of UoblnHood 551 Child's C.anlcn of Verse

559 Robinson Crusoe 616 Lady of the Luke 620 PUjrrlru's Procrees 668 Funny Fables.

WoTwIer 7?s Rryunt's Poems 74t 'A h!tiler's Poems 74" O'mpliu Guide 750 Hiking \\\ai# 770 Adveiitures of Kit Carson 7M. How UUIU'THIei Live Mi X fHitf Book 818 How 1 )rap>nflies Live

Crossword Purales 833 How Ants Ll\e 836 li!u<4>eard. Clndereila and Other Tales 844 OiliUvor's Voyage

to LIlMput 847 Card Games 853 Song l.ud Guide 8S5 Ifow Spiders Live 803 500 Riddles 972 Popular Joke hook 989 Hunting of the

Snark 1006 Children's Games 1010 Magic Tricks 1016 Nonsense Poems 1040 Bedtime Stories 1103 Book of PuftSk* 1139 Photography Guide

1201 On a Desert Island 1206 How to Swim 1261 Tormue-TwLst^rs 1278 Ventriloquism

687 U. S. Constitution, Declaration of in* dependence, and Monroe Doctrine (1 voL) 1065 Lives of U. S. Presl-dents. with Portraits

Rtabt* 1415 How the U. S. Government Works 1423 T.s the U. S. Immigration Law Beneficial*

"DUST" IS A STORY HUNDREDS OF MAR-HIED MEN AND WOMEN WILL RECOGNIZE. AND YET NO ONE EVER TOLD IT HE-FORE. NO OTHER AMERICAN WRITER EVER HAI) THE COURAGE. IT IS TOO STARK — TOO RUTHLESS — TOO MERCILESSLY SHORN OF SENTIMENTALITY. NO ONE PERSON COULD HAVE TOLD IT! ONLY A MAN AND A WOMAN TOGETHER COULD HAVE PROBED SO DEEP INTO LIFE AND SEEN IT SO COMPLETELY. MR. AND MRS. IIALDE-MAN-JULIUS HAVE THE GIFT OF RARE UNDERSTANDING. THOUGH THIS IS THEIR FIRST NOVEL, IT IS CONSISTENT WITH THEIR REPUTATIONS ESTABLISHED AS WRITERS IN OTHER FIELDS. "DUST" IS UNLIKE THE USUAL EPHEMERAL WORRIT IS STILL READ; AS CARL SANDBURG RE-MARKED, "IT LINGERS ON" AND STAYS WITH ONE. IT HAS BEEN DESCRIBED AS "A WORTHY VOLUME IN THE MID-WESTERN EPIC THAT OUR YOUNGER AUTHORS HAVE BEGUN TO WRITE." THE THEME OF "DUST" OPENS AND CLOSES THE STORY AND RUNS ALL THROUGH IT, FROM FIRST PAGE TO LAST.

"From beginning to end, DUST is a work of art, a searching probe into human souls brought together by an indifferent fate and parted by a caprice of nature."

⁴DUST is a true work of art. It is a joy to find a first novel so brimming with promise."

"This gripping story is bound to take its place as one of the important first novels of the year—indeed one of the high water marks in a season that is rich in the production of notable literature."

"The authors have produced a most remarkable novel of the Middle West, a masterly piece of work which touches every emotional chord, as well as making a strong intellectual appeal."

"In truth a work of literary note—a tragedy set forth with such dignity and power that it should compel reading."

^^^^^^^^^ in attractive colors, substantial, handy size, thoroughly readable. The complete novel —not a word omitted—exactly the same as the cloth-bound edition. Now sent postpaid anywhere for 39c per copy.

Clothbound edition, 251 pages, with protecting jacket. Large, clear type. A neat piece of book-manufacturing craftsmanship. Published at $1.90; now sent postpaid to any address for $1.35 per copy.

Would You Pay 5 7c to Learn All the Secrets Science Has Learned About Your Body?

JOSEPH McCABE wrote this 3-volume work, in 90,000 words, to bring to his growing public sound knowledge of the human body and mind. He made special studies in important educational centers in London, Paris and Berlin in order to bring to his readers the latest findings of science. The three volumes of this work are as follows:

2. How the Human Body Begins and Grows, a careful outline of the building of the body through embryonic development, including authoritative facts about sex.

3. The Myriad Mysteries of the Mind, in which the author explores the labyrinth of the human brain.

You are thus given a complete outline of physiology and psychology, written only as McCabe can do it—written for the man in the street, but done to bring out the truth in the plainest terms. The price is extremely low—only 57c for the entire set of volumes, carriage charges prepaid. The regular price is 90c, but for a limited time you can get this set for 57c. This collection is the physiology section, complete in every word, of his famous keys to culture. Merely send 57c and use the order blank below.

Enclosed find 57c, which is payment in full for the complete set by Joseph McCabe, entitled "The Human Body and How It Works," in 3 vols. Ship these books carriage charges prepaid. It is understood that this set is the complete physiology section of McCabe's keys to culture, word for word.

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Robert G. Ingersoll's Wit, Eloquence and Logic at Its Best—An Inimitable Summary and Criticism of the Bible Story of Creation

A glorious iconoclasm of merrily mingled laughter and logic— that is what the reader will find in Robert G. Ingersoll's famous attack upon the Bible story of creation and the fall of man, entitled delightfully Some Mistakes of Moses. Wit, lively and clear, sparkles in every line. Ingersoll races along with his subject. He is in his best form, full of the joy and vigor of reason in smashing images of

CONTENTS OF THE BOOK

Free Schools. The Politicians. Man and Woman. The Pentateuch. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. "He Made the Stars Also." Friday. Saturday. Let Us Make Man. Sunday. The Necessity for a Good Memory. The Garden. The Fall. Dampness. Bacchus and Babel. Faith in Filth. The Hebrews. The Plagues. The Flight. Confess and Avoid. "Inspired" Slavery. "Inspired" Marriage. "Inspired" War. "Inspired" Religious Liberty. Conclusion.

of intellectual virility as he rips open the sainted shams and lands his light, quick and powerful blows at myths and superstitions. Fundamentalism, today so widespread among classes that are numerous and vociferous, had no greater opponent than Colonel Ingersoll; and his Mistakes of Moses remains the best answer to the Fundamentalists. Just look at the chapter headings in the box printed above and you will appreciate, in anticipation, the thoroughness and joyousness with which Ingersoll performs his mighty sham-smashing job. He didn't overlook a thing. It is all here—all the errors and absurdities and grotesqueries and cruelties of the Mosaic account; and all is exposed to Colonel Ingersoll's civilized humor and scorn and debunked by the illumination of reason and common sense and real history and science. It is well known that Ingersoll was far more familiar with the Bible than were his preacher opponents; and Mistakes of Moses proves remarkably how well Ingersoll knew the Bible and, with this equipment of knowledge supported by his general knowledge of history and thought, he was able to make the perfect criticism of the Book of the Bigots.

This is a large book, S^l/₂ by 8'/₂ inches in size, bound in stiff card covers, selling at only 75 cents a copy or 4 copies for $2.

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Even the intelligent layman, who is more than usually familiar wit the subject of venereal diseases, will find a vast amount of new informatic in this book by T. Swann Harding, just published by the Haldeman-Julii Publications. Here is material about gonorrhea and syphilis—their mediea moral and social aspects—which has never before been made available 1 the general public. It is the most complete survey of the subject which h? ever been written and published. Against a background ol thorough er lightenment and social understanding, Mr. Harding recites explicitly, e> tensively, with constant reference to statistics and authoritative sources o information, the tragic story of the venereal diseases. It is an unrivalc account of death and disease caused by ignorance—ignorance which in it turn has been caused by an attitude of puritanism which has been sociall most vicious in its effects.

This book is individually very useful and it is a smashing attack ii the campaign to rid mankind of the major menace of venereal disease prob lems. The great importance of Mr. Harding's book is its clear, sane, con vincing emphasis on the possibility of preventing this group of diseases The book is divided into four lengthy chapters, each a thorough survey o: one principal phase of this subject, which, as the author shows, has s< many ramifications. Chapter I deals with The Venereal Disease Problem— a General Survey. Chapter II deals with Venereal Disease in the Armj and the Navy. Chapter III deals with Moral and Social Aspects of tfu Venereal Disease Problem. Chapter IV deals with Various Types of Venerea, Diseases and Their Treatment. Let us impress upon you that Mr. Harding in this book, does not give mere theory and opinion. He presents the facts completely and daringly. This is a large 64-page book, 5% by 8V£ inches in size, containing SO,000 words. It is carefully documented—Mr. Warding gives his source and authority for every fact. The book is offered at the extremely low price of 50 cents per single copy or 5 copies for $2. You should order this book without delay. Use the following order blank.

I am enclosing $........................for......................copies of What You

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We have just published in a beautiful spccial edition the debate, word for word, which was conducted between Reverend Burris A. Jenkins, the leading preacher of the Middle West, and E. Ha Ideman-Julius, editor of The American Freeman and the other Haldeman-Julius Publications. This edition is printed on a fine grade of book paper and is attractively made up; bound in stiff blue covers; 5^x/₂ by Sy₂ inches in size. This is an excellent job of printing and the book is sold at the low price of 50c a copy or five copies for §2. Order copies for yourself and your friends.

This debate goes right to the fundamentals of the subject of theism or belief in a God. It is a serious, dignified conflict of ideas. It covers the ground so thoroughly—it is so basic and far-reaching in the scopc of its controversial and critical thought—that one may almost say that it is the last word on theism. Certainly it is not too much to say that this debate gives a broad, essential, conclusivc view of theism, in which both sides of the argument are presented in the light of their utmost significance. This is not a merely clever or rhetorical debate, in which there is a dodging of issues and an effort to make catchy but dishonest points. It is in every word a preeminently thoughtful debate.

The opposite sides of this debate are urged by highly representative leaders of the respective' philosophies. Dr. Jenkins lias a national reputation as an exponent of theism and is widely known both as a preacher and a writer. E. Haldeman-Julius has a national reputation as an educational publisher and editor, an exponent of freethought, an attacker of religion not by violence but by the weapons of intellectual combat. Here are two foemen well matched—and they have engaged in a thrilling battle of ideas. Order this debate today—and you can find an excellent use for five or more copies.

John Stuart Mill, Great English Rationalist of the Middle Nine-teenth Century, Discussed with Classic Brilliance and Uncompromising Earnestness and Truth the Whole Subject of Freedom of Thought and Speech—Today His Masterly Work, ON LIBERTY, Remains the Ablest Statement of the Rights of Liberty and the Need of Free Intelligence in the Work of Social Progress—No Libera! Thinker Should Be Without This Splendid Masterpiece on the Rights of Man.

This is another important item in the Haldeman-Julius program of republishing in popular form the great classics of free thought, humanism and liberty—and this book may be said to be of key importance, a fundamental and definitive item in this program, inasmuch as it explains fully the philosophy of free thought and free speech. Mill wrote his On Liberty in a simple and eloquent language, in which a devotion to the rights of man shines forth and attracts the reader in unison with a power and precision of reasoning which are irresistible. There has never been such a clear statement of the rights of the individual, of the rights of minorities, and of the limitations upon the activity of states in controlling the behavior of their citizens. Mill shows what is the perfect balance, in right and reason, between the interests of society and the rights of the individual. He exposes the fallacies of the bigots and shows the kind of false philosophy and self-interest and prejudice which compose the groundwork and the entire meaning of intolerance. This rare tribute can be paid to Mill's On Liberty, that it leaves nothing to be said on its subject, but is at once the most thorough analysis of intolerance and the most convincing, complete defense of free thought and free speech.

This great classic of liberty is published in popular form—a large book, bound in stiff card covers, S^ by inches in size, 45,000 words, priced at only 50 cents a copy or 5 copies for $2.

The Key to X.ove and Sex, by Joseph McCabe, Is a new, 8-volume series of books, each Inches, totaling 467 pages of text. The author of "The Key to Culture" has scored a new triumph with this encyclopedia of sex! Hero, in these eiffht books (contents listed below), you have all the latest facts about sex and love and their vital influence on human happiness. No matter how many sex books you have read, this series will tell you something new' If you have The Key to Love and Sex you need no other guide!

(1) What Sex Really Js. eunuch - moralists; struggle Woman* Began: Facts about What Distinguishes the Male for divorce and sanity; rise Feminine Intuition: legen-from the Female Sex, Phys- of modern Puritanism; true dary gifts of chaste women; ically, Emotionally, Tntcllec- ethic of sex. erotic element in religion; tually, etc.: fundamental dis- ₍₄₎ Abn0rmd Aspects ^{modem views of} chastity tinctions of the sexes; evo- ^ _$ex p_en._{ersities and} and mysticism; truth about

lotion of love; dawn of sex _Abcrrati_{ons of the} Human ^Tf ?^{nd religion}; l^)hys" in the individual; essential _{Sexual Impulse and Ils Ex}. ical basis of woman s rays-

variations from the sex-type; _gCX__{life in andem civiUza}. Taught About Sex? What

(2) Antagonism Between abnormalities; practice of *^fodern Freedom m Sex . ' ... . , „ . » .. .. Discussion and Lducationr

pies; religion and the W ₍₅₎ Woman and the Cre- _tho young; problem of the

urge; morbid influence of _{ative Urge}. _{Sex and Lovc adolcsccm; modcrn intcrc9t}

ethical religions; medieval _{and Thdr} p_{Iace in Art} ^ _sex; revolutionary discov-

(3) Woman and Man ^{of a}/^{l,St; relatlons of} Harmony in Sexual Rela-riage. Problems of Morals, ^{sense and inte]Iect}; ^woman tienships:Introduction;mar-Divorce, Sexual Revolt, Free ^m f°^Idei; ^{womaa m} riage as it is; revolt of Love, Children, etc.: sources ^{worlds I,l}crature; women _{woman; rea] needs of thc}of the chastity ideal; worn- writers on men and women. _gtate. _future ^^ _of

an as economic properly; (6) What Is thc "Mys- marriage; problem of pros-sacrifice of love; Greco- ter/⁹ of Woman? IIow titution; development of sex-Roman reaction; triumph of Fables about "Mysterious types.

Order The Key to I-ove and Sex, In 8 volumes complete, t>/ Joseph McCabe, price $2.65 postpaid. Substantially bound in stiff covers, appropriate design In two colors. Size of each book 5%xS% inches. Total 467 pagea of text, 220.000 words. (Sots cannot be broken.)

This High School Educational Course is entirely self-teaching— no instructor is noeessary. With determination and application you can secure the essentials of a High School education from these 00 books, as listed at the right. Every book~is written ?o you can understand it easily. You can begin anywhere-read or study any book at your convenience, for each subject is complete in itself. Never has there been a chance like this—a complete High School Course for only $2.98, which is positively all you pay!

These 60 books are pocket^ized volumes, measuring 3V£ x 5 inches each, and running to 64 pages or 15.000 words of text per book. The type is 8-point—the size used in the average daily newspaper—clear and easy to read. The handy me of these volumes is one of their most desirable features, for you can carry them in your pocket or bog with ease. Make spare moments count! Get thia set and make a habit of keeping some of the volumes always nearby!

Is a High School Education Worth $2.98 to You?

A 60-volume High School Educational Course, complete and up-to-date thoroughly reliable and authentic, for only $2.98, postpaid.' Think of it! Read the titles below. Is such a course worth this low price to you? It is excellent for home study—for reviewing forgotten subjects, or for informing yourself in new field*. Soize this opportunity. More than 250,000 sets of these books have been *old. These have $one to ambitious people everywhere in the United States and in many foreign countries. Order your Educational Course today!

TEACH YOURSELF

Mathematics 40. Arithmetic (1) 47. Arithmetic (2) Reference Manuals 4S. Quotations

Send no mon*v unless you wish to¹This High School Educational Course will be sent C. 0. D. (at an extra cost to you of only 7c._t the post oflice fee), if you prefer. However, remit $2.98 with the order blank if you like. Canadian and foreign customers must, alwat/* remit in full with order, by draft on (J, S. bank or international postal money order.

Send roc your GO-volume High School Educational Course, Unless my remittance for $2.98 is enclosed herewith. I agres to pay the postman 32.98 (plus 7c. C. O. D. fee) on delivery!

A Realistic Philosophy of Life Is Gven in This Latest Book by E. Haldeman-Julius—A Big Book for Only $1

There is no tone of regret in disillusionment—a tone that is sentimentally stressed by some writers—in this latest volume of free-minded discussion by E. llaldeman-Julius. The picture of our age as lost and hopeless and empty-handed because it has found out the unsatisfactory character of the old "certainties" of religion and moralism does not apply to persons who have really emancipated their minds and who have the mental courage that goes with free thought—this is shown by Mr. Haldeman-Julius in these daring and withal wholesome chapters on religion, morals, philosophy, social ideals and man's attitude toward nature.

The old "certainties" ? They were the old uncertainties, says Mr. Haldeman-Julius; they represented shifting ground; upon them could be raised no enduring foundation of intellectual and realistic life. Science and rationalism have destroyed the old faith in the old miscalled "certainties" for anyone who has the mental quickening of a critical attitude. There is only one course for the man or woman who begins to think and that is the course of simple, persistent, unafraid realism. What is there to be afraid of? We can't change life by foolish dogmas and sentimentalities of faith. Man can make the best of his life only by facing life with a clear mind and with a resolution to see and deal with things as they are. False philosophies and theologies are not consolations for men—they are traps for men and women.

This latest book by E. Haldeman-Julius covers a lot of territory. Among other very interesting features, it discusses carefully and sanely the true approach to ideas, the nature and the purposes of thought, the values that are involved in the observation of life and in reflection about life. Free thinkers will enjoy this book and all readers will find it intellectually stimulating and clarifying. This is a big book of 177 pages, 5¹/> by 81/2 inches in size, bound in stiff card covers, and priced at only $lT

I am enclosing $1, for which send me, postpaid, a copy of What Can a Free Man Believe? by E. Haldeman-Julius.

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No fiction, no work of drama, no fabulous tale of terrific or fantastic imagination could approach in amazing interest The True Story of the Roman Catholio Church, as told by Joseph McCabe in six double volumes —altogether, 360,000- words that are packed to the last "i" and "t" with startling pictures of Catholic history, which is interwoven by broad crimson threads with the history of our western world. For centuries Catholicism dominated Europe. The dogmas of the Roman Catholic Church prevailed as powerful law. Catholic intrigues and Catholic ambitions were carried through relentlessly. Through all the great events of history trailed the immense and ominous policy of the Church of Rome.

It is more than a general¹ understanding of the role of Catholicism in history that Joseph McCabe givesr in this important and complete story of a religious institution which has represented not merely faiths and beliefs but tremendous political, social power. True, McCabe impresses vividly upon the reader the broad sweep of events and the vast, surging tides of conflict and feeling. The story is envisaged as a whole, as a series of events and struggles and revolutions which are logically connected. But going to make up this whole—to make it effective and convincing knowledge for the reader—is the most detailed, careful, exact chronicle of happenings. Innumerable facts of the most vital significance are for the first time made available to a popular audience in this immense, scholarly work by McCabe.

STARTLING facts about selling 100,000,000 books in ten years! If you want to learn hotv and what to write for publication; if you are curious about the present reading tastes of the book-buying public; if you have ever wondered how a great publishing plant prints and binds books by the million; if you would like to know exactly what goes on when an editor deals with authors; if the secrets of advertising and salesmanship, applied to books by millions, are worth learning; in short, if you want to know how hooks arc written, what makes books popular, how advertising is prepared, etc., HERE IS THE BOOK YOU NEED: "The First Hundred Million," by E. Haldeman-Julius.

E. Haldeman-Julius, editor and publisher of the world famous Little Blue Books, takes you into his confidence. He conceals nothing that he has learned in almost ten years of publishing the pocket classics. He tells of outstanding successes, with sales figures. He laments, with the exact facts, his unhappy failures. The information in this book cost hundreds of thou~ sands of dollars to acquire. A famous editor and his requirements—his relations with writers—his selling secrets. The "writing game" from start to finish, told by a veteran editor, a successful publisher, a daring advertiser, and a persuasive salesman—and also an insight into the tastes of the American reading public of today!

Chapter Titles: What America wants to read; Are Americans afraid of sex? The quest for self-improvement; Americans want fun and laughter; Religion vs. freethought; Sidelights on reading tastes; Rejuvenating the Classics; The hospital; What a change of scenery will do; The morgue; An editor and his writers; How the Little Blue Books are produced; Following a new title from copy to customer; Business man or philanthropist; An editor turns to advertising; A comparison of advertising mediums; The passing of the "sales policy."

Read the enthralling story of how people's reading tastes arc tested, analyzed, and satisfied. Find out what America wants to read! Be astounded—be fascinated—be convinced. Learn, incidentally, what books YOU have shown that YOU want most to read! For this book takes you behind the scenes in publishing, and shows you one of the most interesting psychological laboratories in the world in its innermost workings.

Reduccd from $3! "The First Hun-dred Million/' by E. Haldeman-Julius, bound in dark blue cloth with gilt lettering; jacket in red and black; 17 chapters, 340 pages; introduction by Robert L. Simon—now only $1«9S

these six volumes, containing 180,000 words of sound instruction. This work is divided into six sections, as follows:

3. A Manual of Human Morality (a logical examination of the theories of ethics and the laws of behavior).

4. The Story of Human Education (the logical science of teaching people to think).

5. All About Psycho-Analysis and Applied Psychology (investigations and logical theories of the mind).

6. Important Facts About the Progress of Science (a logical summary of man's knowledge).

This work will help you make full use of your mental faculties. It covers a wide field. This collection is the logic and philosophy section, word for word, of Joseph McCabe's famous keys to culture. Regular price is $1.80, but we are cutting the price for a limited time. Send only $1.05 and use the order blank below,

Enclosed find $1.05, which is payment in full for the complete set by Joseph McCabe, entitled "The Art of Thinking Logically," in 6 vols. Carriage charges prepaid. It is understood that this set is the complete logic and philosophy section of McCabe's keys to culture.

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This volume of 80,000 words contains the findings and recommendations of the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement 011 Prohibition Laws of the United States submitted to President Herbert Hoover. This book contains every word of the report and every word of each individual member of the commission. Not a word has been omitted in this big book. The commission worked eighteen months and spent $500,000 in order to get the facts and the conclusions that will be found in this important and instructive volume.

The contents of this book promise to become the political issue of the 1932 presidential campaign. It is necessary to read this complete report in order to be able to discuss the question of Prohibition intelligently.

Rush in your order at once. The newspapers did not have the space to print this entire report. It would have required about fifteen solid newspaper pages, set in small type. Here, in a large book of 128 large pages, we give the American people the entire text, from beginning to end, including all dissenting statements of individual members. This is probably the first edition available because the newspapers report that the small government edition was soon grabbed up by public officials in Washington, leaving none for the general public.

Get your copy of "The Full Text of the Wickersham Commission Report on Prohibition" today. The price is only $1 per copy, carriage charges prepaid.

Enclosed find $1 which pays for a copy of "The Full Text of the Wickersham Commission Report on Prohibition," carriage charges prepaid. (6 copies for $5.)

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In all our history of educational publishing, we have never made a more important announcement than this—namely, that we have just completed for distribution to lovers of knowledge through America The Key to Evolution, by Maynard Shipley, in four attractively printed double volumes—in all, 240,000 words in which is fully told the story of how life has evolved through the geological ages.

We offer this work as of special and fundamental importance, because an understanding of evolution is the universal, essential key to all knowledge. Modern scholars treat every subject from the standpoint of evolution. Whether discussing stars or religions or governments or the forms of life, their guiding principle is to trace the growth of these things. Evolution means an enormous broadening of history.

Fundamental evolution is, of course, that pertaining to the origin and development of the forms of life. A clear and thorough understanding of the way life has evolved, and how from it all the manifestations of nature and society have evolved, is the basis which must be laid for any education that is worthy of the name.

The titles of the eight books which constitute the four double volumes of The Key to Evolution are as follows:

1. How Life Began—the Story of the Appearance of Life and Its Early Development on the Earth.

Enclosed is $2.45 for which send me, postpaid, The Key to Evolution by Maynard Shipley.

Story of Human Knowledge in 40 Volumes, 1,200,000 Words!—More Thrilling Than a Novel!

Here you Lave the continuous story of all tinman knowl-«P4l_Kl>_not many stories, not a series of outlines, not a choppy collection, but ONE connected narrative! You may secure it liberal education us complete us one story in one book, Uring this exciting university course into your home—learn as you read! THE KEY TO CULTUBK, in 40 S^xS^-inch volumes, bound in stiff card covers, is a complete, systematic account of all modern culture (except mathematics), in inexpensive and handy form, in the language of tho fireside, but with explanations of necessary technical terms and lists of books to md. A "cream-of-culture scries." "This is culture with a kick In it!" nays one reader. Thoroughly understandable, fascinatingly written by a w6r?d famous scholar, this series is the best bargain available at $3.95 for the entire set of 40 books.

A Complete Summary of tho 44> Numbers of "The Key to Culture"—About 30,000 Words in Each Volume!

1. Foundation* of the Universe: Story of Units of Matter and Force Controlling Universal Activity,

2. How the Universe Is Constructed: Marvels of the Stars and the Grout Cosmic Epic, Without Beginning or End. . „ _

8. How the Bodies of Animals Are Constructed: Anatomy and Mechanism of the Body.

10. Story of the Evolution of Man: Mankind's Struggle and Progress from Prehistoric Eras to Dawn of History.

11. Life Among the Many Peoples of the Earth: Races of Mankind and Their Relationship.

16. Beginning of Man's Story of Himself: Dawn of History and Origin of Civilization.

1$. Strange Civilizations of China and India: Asiatic Culture Linked with Babylon.

19. True Picture of Europe in the Middle Ages: Medieval Degradation of Art, Science, Culture.

20. Stirring Story of the Rise of Modem Europe: From Reformation to French Revolution.

21. Dawn of the New Age and BirtJi of the Modern Spirit: Triumph of Rationalism In World's History.

39. All About Paycho-An-alysls and Applied Psychology: Investigations and Theories of the Mind.

The Key to Culture comprises what every person ought to know to be trni*- cultured. Some knowledge of every aspect of knowledge, of every subject is essential. Here such essentials are made clear, avoiding tho confusion of the usual mass of details—you get the most important truths and theories, right up to date, a real key to current reading, simple explanations are given of how we know these facts, especially in science. Throughout the work attractiveness, picturesqueness and interest are maintained, together with clearness and simplicity. The Key to Culture is a summary of ail that is Interesting In Tncdern knowledge, by Joseph McCabe, scholar extraordinary, author of some 200 book*, international lecturer and debater.

"THE KEY TO CULTURE," 40 vols., complete, postpaid (Single number* 30c each postpaid)

JOSEPH McCABE, who is writing exclusively for Haldeman-Julius readers, now comes forward with three large volumes, containing 90,000 words, entitled Great Geniuses of the Middle Ages. Only a McCabe could make these complex characters understandable to the average reader. He discusses them authoritatively, simply and enter-taingly. Not a dull page in this entire work of 192 large pages.

THINK of getting 19 chapters, telling all about 19 important figures in the history of civilization, for only $1. This work was first announced at $1.50, but you can get your set, prepaid, for only $1. As usual, McCabe brings home many lessons for freethinkers who would know the truth about the Middle Ages. This set of three volumes promises to become extremely popular and the world will discuss McCabe's findings for many years to come. Printed on good paper, bound in attractive stiff covers, 5^2 by sy₂ inches.

Enclosed find $1, which is payment in full for Joseph Mc- ¹Cabe's Great Geniuses of the Middle Ages, in three volumes, carriage charges prepaid.

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Here Is a Full Survey, with Facts and Figures, of a Social Problem That Challenges tlie Interest cf Alert Moderns

Do you know the actual figures of church property tax exemption in America? Have you a clear picture of what this burden represents in the sum total of parasitism from which the masses suffer? Are you familiar with the leading arguments both for and against the exemption of church property from taxation?

We instructed Harry Hibschman, a lawyer and well-known Little Blue Book author, to make a thorough investigation and analysis of this problem of church taxation. "Get the facts," we told him, "and we will publish them/' And Mr. Hibschman did a perfect job. This volume removes all doubt or vagueness as to the true nature and scope of this clerical parasitism which is an unjust survival of the past. Completely supported by the facts and figures, Mr. Hibschman makes a devastating case against this graft which is yearly handed to the churches by our secular governments, state and federal. Among other things, there is a most interesting historical survey of the origin of church tax exemption—the position of the church in medieval society and under later forms of governmental rule—the vast difference in the general position of the churches today, yet withal their success in hanging on to this large item of graft. Nobody can read this book and not end by agreeing that the churches should be made to pay their fair, full share of taxes.

This is a vital question for all who take the duties of citizenship seriously, who take a real interest in the affairs of government which must affect every individual's welfare, and for this reason a wide circulation should be given this book. Its ideal propaganda value can be utilized fully at the special rate of 5 copies for $2. Or you can order a single copy for yourself at the price of 50 cents. You should lose no time in reading this book and in getting your neighbors to read it. It is just the kind of book that will create a sensation, as its facts and figures are not generally known. This is an attractive volume, 5% by 8Vz inches in size and printed on a special grade of fine book paper. Order your copy or copies today.

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It Will Cost You Only 76c to Learn All About Literature_y as Taught by Joseph McCabe

In 120,000 words, McCabe covers the literature of Egypt, Babylon, Assyria, Greece, Rome, etc., gives comprehensive outlines of the works and significance of literary figures like Abelard, Chaucer, Dante, Cervantes, Shakespeare, Milton, Pope, Moliere, Goethe, Heine, Boccaccio, and then, in a third sction, covers modern literature from 1750 to the end of the 19th century, and finally, in his fourth volume, gives his readers a guide to contemporary literature.

Truly a gigantic work, done only as McCabe can do it—simply, realistically, understand!ngly.

This scholarly and impressive work, by the man who is considered to be the world's greatest scholar, may be had, carriage charges prepaid, at the extremely low price of 76c for the entire set of four volumes. The regular price is $1.20. Truly a genuine bargain. This collection, that represents McCabe at his best, is the literary section, complete in every word, of his famous keys to culture, and is offered in this form to acquaint the public with McCabe's ideas and opinions on vital questions of literature.

Enclosed find 76c, which is payment in full for the complete set by Joseph McCabe, entitled "The Outline of Literature," in 4 vols. Carriage charges prepaid. It is understood that this set is the complete literature department of McCabe's keys to culture.

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RIGHTLY titled, strictly Private is, indeed, the intimate diary of a doctor. The tragedies and the comedies that are being daily enacted at the bedside in the wards and the dispensaries, in the insane asylums and behind the doors of the consultation room, are depicted with vivid realism in this book. The human soul, as well as the body, is exposed and dissected. The tragic and the comic side of love, of sterility, of impotence, of the lure and the glamour of sex, of perversion, of the youthful Romeo and the ancient Lothario, of the flapper and the spinster, of withered youth and sturdy old age, of submerged lives arid of unsalvaged wrecks that once were men, are entertainingly described with pungent detail. The doctor sees life raw! He sees humanity suffering: men and women at their worst —and best. Let him introduce you to Human Nature personified!

Laugh and learn. Follow the doctor on his daily rounds. Watch him examine his patients and listen to their secrets-secrets they would not dare to divulge to anyone else. Plunge with him into the jakes of society and behold the abnormal human. Meet some feminine gentlemen and masculine ladies. Also a number of other rare specimens of various nationalities. Above all, meet the doctor's wife!

It can safely be stated that you have never rend any book like this intimate diary of a medical practitioner. Jt is composed of day by day entries about what Dr. Chideckel himself describes as having more allure than story-books. "There is more romance and more poetry in everyday life," he says, "more tragedy, more self-sacrifice, more comedy and more unwearying patience than fiction will ever depict." A doctor, if anyone, should know! For a doctor knows humanity literally inside and out, and he knows whether they are deserving of admiration, condemnation, or pity. Written in a brief, effectively blunt stylo, this story throws revealing light on humanity—and lets you behind the scenes in the medical profession.

"Strictly Private," by Maurice Chideckel, M.D., handsomely bound in black morocco-grained cloth, lettered in gold, illustrated with several black-and-white drawing*, 335 pages, price $2.65 -postna:^.

A New Masterpiece; Contains 18 Storing Chapters on 18 of the Greatest Creative Forces of Ancient History

LOVERS of sound reading and scientific history will greet warmly the announcement that we have issued Joseph McCabe's Ancient-Great Men Series, in 90,000 words, 18 magnificent chapters, in three beautiful volumes. The simplest argument will be the best. We need only list the chapter headings to convince intelligent readers that here is an historical and biographical work that cannot be passed over.

HERE we find Joseph McCabe, the world's greatest scholar, at his best. In these 18 brilliant chapters, written to entertain as well as inform, McCabe makes a magnificent survey of genius in the ancient world, including China and India as well as Greece and Rome.

This fine work was issued to sell at $1.50, but we are now offering it at the bargain price of $1. This work is printed on good paper, bound neatly in stiff covers, 5^2 by S^x/2 inches.

Enclosed find $1, which is payment in full for Joseph McCabe's Ancient Great Men Series, in three volumes, carriage charges prepaid.

IN^ctiiic.■•.••■.••■■■■■■•(•■■■.••■■MiHi.Miii Addrcss«»«««.« •<■*■«......■■•••.«.».•»•..

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9 Pheidias, the Inaugurator of Humanist

Art.

10 Plato, the Philosopher and Sociologist.

11 Aristotle, the First Encyclopedist.

12 Zcno, the Founder of Stoicism.

13 Epicurus, the Apostle of Sanity.

14 Ptolemy, the Splendid Patron of Sci

ence.

15 Julius Caesar, the Geniu« of Rome.

16 The Emperor Hadrian, the Royal Epi-^ curean.

17 Galen, the Pioneer of Medical Science.

18 Theodoric, the Splendid Goth.

The Antichrist is the most fighting book ever written by a great scholar. Nietzsche put all his energy, all his thinking power, all his critical acumen, all his human idealism into the preparation of this magnificent attack upon Christianity. He took the most earnest pains to make this book strong, clear incisive—to make it carry its message with mighty effectiveness. He said eloquently: "I have letters that will burn even upon the eyeballs of the blind."

Success crowned Nietzsche's great effort. He wrote a masterpiece of criticism and of cultural vision. In The Antichrist the reader will find the most vivid, impressive summing of what Christanity has meant to our western civilization. Nietzsche discusses the history of Christianity—the typical workings of the Christian mind—the antagonism of Christianity to the "noble values" for which Nietzsche fought with a mind and pen that have never been excelled for their strong, cutting clarity, slashing through the shams of Christianity with a swift sureness that is a rare delight.

An especially interesting portion of the book deals with the psychology of Jesus, with the atmosphere in which early Christianity came into being, and with the differences between the gospel of Jesus and the dogmas of Christianity.

Scholars have recognized the value of Nietzsche's superb anti-Christian masterpiece. But, curiously, this masterpiece has never been given the wide, popular circulation that it so richly deserves. At last, we offer a beautifully printed, inexpensive edition of The Antichrist—a book which every freethinker should own and which should make every man a freethinker. The Antichrist, printed on fine book paper, bound in beautiful stiff covers, set in large type, and with 30,000 words of text is priced at only 50c, 5 for $2. Its size is 5Ya by 8% inches.

Enclosed is 50 cents, for which tfend mo, postpaid, a copy of The Antichrist, by Friedrich Nietzsche (5 copies for $2).

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Joseph McCabe's Little Blue Books make up a complete "Outline of Religious Controversy." The whole question of religion is candidly surveyed; every fact, is considered. Each book is complete in itself, or all together they make a stimulating story. Read these compelling titles:

the Classics Do Wo Need Religion? Absurdities of Christian Science Myths of Religious Statistics Religion's Failure to Combat Crime

My Twelve Years in a Monastery Fraud of Spiritualism Psychology of Religion Nonsense Called Theosophy Future of Religion Revolt Against Religion Origin of Religion World's Great. Religions Myth of Immortality Futility of Belief in God Human Origin of Morals Forgery of the Old Testament Morals in Ancient Babylon Religion and Morals in Old Egypt Life and Morals in Greece and Rome

Morality Pagan Christs Before Jesus Myth of Christ's Resurrection Legends of Saints and Martyrs How Christianity "Triumphed" Evolution of Christian Doctrine Degradation of Woman Christianity and Slavery Church and the Schools Life in the Dark Ages New Light on Witchcraft Horrors of the Inquisition Medieval Art and the Churches Moorish Civilization in Spain Renaissance: A European Awakening

100

207 354

365

366

439

445

446 477 841

1007

1008 1030 1050 1060 1061 1066

1076

1077

1078

1070 1084 1095

1102 1104 1107 1110 1121 1122

1127

1128

1130 1132

1131

1136

1137 1140

1141 The Jesuits: Religious Rogues 1145 Religion in the French Revolution 1150 Churches and Modern Progress 1203 Seven Infidel U. S. Presidents 1205 Thomas Paine's Revolt Against the Bible

Benevolent Agnostic 121S Christianity and philanthropy 1221 Religion in the Great Poets 1229 Triumph of Materialism 1237 Real Beliefs of Scientists 1243 Failure of Christian Missions 1248 Lies of Religious Literature 1262 Is Evolution True? Debate vs.

Your pick of these books 5c each, postpaid to any address, as long as you order at least 20 books at one time ($1 worth). Order by numbers instead of titles. Remit by cash, check, or money order. If you want all 70 titles listed here, remit $3.45 and ask for the 70 Little Blue Books by Joseph McCabe,

Be Sure to Get This Great Popularization of the Latest Discoveries in the World of Science

HERE we have Joseph McCabe at his best. This author and scholar is a great authority on science, and he has the literary ability to make science an exciting and fascinating study.

This gigantic work contains eleven volumes, or 330,000 words. It should be in every person's library. Here is what you get when you order The Foundations of Science:

Read these eleven volumes and you will have a wonderful knowledge of present scientific thinking. This is the science section, complete in every detail, of McCabe's keys to culture. Regular price is $3.30, but we are offering a big cut in price for a short time. Send only $2.Q9 and use the blank below.

Enclosed please find $2.09, which is payment in full for the complete set by Joseph McCabe, entitled "The Foundations of Science," in 11 volumes. You are to ship these books carriage charges prepaid. It is understood that this set is the complete Science section of McCabe's keys to culture, word for word.

That birth control is murder and a mortal sin— That marriage is a holy Catholic sacrament and that it is indissoluble, that "what God [the priest] hath joined together" no man should put asunder—

That divorce is forbidden under "the law of God" and that divorced and remarried persons, in the Catholic view, are no better than adulterers—

That the modern, rationalistic, humanitarian attitude toward these questions is all wrong and that medieval Catholic dogma should be supreme.

That birth control is a scientific, humane method of improving the quality of life and solving the terrible problem of over-population—

That marriage is entirely a secular institution and that it should not be regarded as a final, irrevocable act—

That divorce is obviously intelligent and right, inasmuch as men and women should not be condemned for life to persist in a mistake— That the modem attitude toward these questions is, quite rightly, based upon the philosophy that moral law is social law and that the happiness of men and women is the supreme good.

This book contains the complete text of Pope Piny remarkable encyclical on marriage, divorce and birth control. Here is amazing evidence, in the Pope's own words, as to what are actually the beliefs and aims of the Roman Catholic Church. And Mr. Haldeman-Julius analyses thoroughly the Pope's letter, discusses in plain zvords the meaning of Catholicism and its menace, and clearly contrasts the modern with the medieval point of view. THIS IS A LARGE BOOK, BOUND IN STIFF CARD COVERSV/₂ Bv V/2 INCHES IN SIZE, 30,000 WORDS. THE PRICE IS ONLY 50 CENTS A COPY OR 5 COPIES FOR $2.

ORDER BLANK FOR POPE'S ENCYCLICAL ON BIRTH CONTROL AND DISCUSSION BY E. HALDEMAN-JULIUS

copies of The Pope's Encyclical on Birth Control with Discussion by E. Haldeman-Julius. (50c a copy or 5 copies for $2.)

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prove useful and helpful to all laymen who would like to get a comprehensive idea of the theories and history of art.

This great author and scholar has succeeded in giving his vast and growing public a work on art that will endure for many years to come.

1. Ancient Art Summarized and Explained (the art of the Egyptians, Babylonians, Greeks, Roman, etc.).

2. Medieval Art Summarized and Explained (a careful and thoughtful survey of the medieval trend of all artistic expression).

3. Modern Art Summarized and Explained (contemporary artistic expression and its meaning).

In all, this 3-volume work contains 90,000 words, written with delightful simplicity.

McCabe is always interesting and stimulating. This collection of three volumes is the art section, complete in every word, of his famous keys to culture.

It is safe to say that this is the finest popularization of art ever written. The price is extremely low—only 57 cents for the entire set of three volumes, carriage charges prepaid. The regular price is 90c, but for a short time you may enjoy the 57c price.

Enclosed find 57c, which is payment in full for the complete set by Joseph McCabe, entitled "The Outline of Art," in 3 vols. You are to ship these books carriage charges prepaid. It is understood that this set is the complete art section of McCabe's keys to culture.

Only $1.52 for the 8 "Volume Masterpiece of Historical Research by the World's Greatest Scholar

consider this 8-volume set of books his most important contribution to the science of history.

This set is already being used in many of the largest universities in the world, but it was written for laymen, for the man in the street, in understandable English.

This 8-volume work of history contains 240,000 w^rords, truly a gigantic work, under the following eight sections, each occupying an entire volume:

1. Beginning of Man's Story of Himself (the dawn of history and the origin of civilization).

2. The Wonders of Ancient Egypt and Babylon (civilization of the Nile Valley and the Persian Gulf).

4. The Strange Civilizations of China and India (Asiatic culture linked with Babylon).

5. The True Picture of Europe in the Middle Ages (Medieval degradation of Art, Science and Culture).

6. The Stirring Story of the Rise of Modern Europe (from the Reformation to the French Revolution).

7. The Dawn of the New Age and Birth of the Modern Spirit (the triumph of rationalism in world history).

It is no exaggeration to say that this Complete Outline of History is far superior to any outline in the literature of any country. We are offering this gigantic work for only $1.52, which pays for the entire set of eight volumes. The regular price is $2.40 but for a limited time the price has been reduced to $1.52. This collection is the historical section, word for word, of McCabe's famous keys to culture.

Enclosed find $1.52, which is payment in full for the complete set by Joseph McCabe, entitled "A Complete Outline of History," in 8 vols. Carriage charges prepaid. It is understood that this set is the complete history department of McCabe's keys to culture.

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Here is a book entirely free of wild generalization or fantastic theories —a book that presents fact after fact, none of which can be refuted.

The Catholic Church claims, and offers so-called "proof" which Mr. Wheless proves to be based on a forgery, that Christ constituted St. Peter the first head of the Church of Rome. How could Peter have been the first "pope" or bishop of the Roman Church since he never was in Rome? This fact alone uproots the foundation on which the Roman Catholic Church has stood for centuries.

At last we see St. Peter without his halo—but merely as a poor fisherman, a Jew hating the Gentiles, among whom he is supposed to have founded a church!

Bit by bit Mr. Wheless shows how the people were frightened into belief by false prophets, how theories became facts, and facts were twisted and added to decade after decade until there is in existence the Roman Catholic Church as we know it today, evolved from Forgeries and Lies.

This book will give you a broader and more comprehensive outlook on the lies, forgeries and fakeries that make up religion, the superstition that has had the people bluffed too long! It is time that men did their own thinking and set their own ideals. This scorching exposure of fallacies found in the ecclesiastical records has been made into an attractive volume and priced within the reach of everyone.

THE CHURCH THAT WAS FOUNDED ON LIES AND FORGERIES is a most daring presentation of facts. Every page will reveal some amazing fraud, some startling lie, that men and women have accepted as the truth until the present day. This book is printed on a good grade of paper, attractively bound in stiff card covers, contains 87 pages crammed with dramatic disclosures. Size by inches. Reasonably priced at only 60c. Send'in. your order NOW! Remember WE PREPAY THE POSTAGE.

This New Book by Marcet Haldeman-Julius Tells Every Detail of This Conspiracy of Injustice—50c Each or 5 Copies for $2

The story of Tom Mooney and Warren Billings, told fully by Marcet Haldeman-Julius in this large book, would be an extravagant, incredible tale —if it were not for the clear and detailed evidence which is presented, * tracing the frameup every step of the tortuous way from long before the Preparedness Day bomb explosion in San Francisco in 1916 until the present moment—with Mooney and Billings still helpless, innocent victims in their prison cells. Certainly no tale of persecution in the Middle Ages could rival this Mooney-Billings story for sheer effrontery and black-hearted treachery and intrigue. Yet all these things have actually happened in America in the twentieth century.

Every American should read this 6ook—read it carefully—read it more than once and tell his friends and acquaintances about it. We are sure that liberal readers of America will have a special interest, not merely in reading but in circulating this complete exposure of a great injustice. We are making the price $2 for 5 copies of the book so that this widespread circulation will be stimulated. This book is too important to be read by only a few. Aside from the personal story of the two victims, Mooney and Billings, it is a strong indictment of a system of political and industrial crookedness. The reader learns not only about this notorious frameup but about the amazing frameup system.

The book is based upon a careful personal investigation made in California by Marcet Haldeman-Julius. She talked with participants in the tragedy and had access to the voluminous records of the case. She portrays vividly and feelingly the industrial-social background of events in California which led to the frameup. There is a study of the characters of Mooney and Billings; the drama of their lives is here set down for all to read. This book is 117 pages in length, 5% by inches, bound in stiff blue covers —a big and thrilling volume.

Daring Wisdom and Dashing Wit in This Delightful Classic Now Published at Low Price—Only 50c—for the Masses

Following out our policy of publishing rare, cultural classics at a low price for popular reading, the Haldeman-Julius Publications have just issued in an attractive, inexpensive form a masterpiece of wit and wisdom—In Praise of Folly, by Erasmus, greatest of sixteenth century humanists and freethinkers. Freethinkers will detect special flavors in this rare description and criticism of the follies of humanity; but every literate reader with average humor and intelligence should enjoy it heartily; it is indeed a book which the average reader will find irresistible because, while it is replete with the ripest wisdom of a man who knew this old world very well, the book is written easily in a light, amusing tone.

The book is supposed to be an address by Folly in her own behalf, setting forth the advantages which she, most useful among the gods and goddesses, confers upon the human race. There is ' a recital of the various traits in human nature which are owing to Folly. There is described a brilliant and amusing variety of types and classes among mankind who are devotees of Folly and whose lives can be interpreted only in the light of their allegiance to Folly. High and low are brought under the gentle yet unfailingly effective strokes of Erasmus* lively criticism. It was a daring piece of literature in its day—when Catholic tyranny ruled Europe —and its daring quality is still remarkable even in our age of free criticism and thought. Princes and popes, priests and nobles, so-called good men and alleged bad men, are studied variously in this masterpiece which embraces all human nature in its survey.

It is now possible for every reader to own this masterpiece of Erasmus. It is issued for the first time in a low-priced edition by the Haldeman-Julius Publications. The price is only 50 cents (or 5 copies for $2). The book is in size 5V-> by 8^/2 inches and contains 30,000 words. Order your copy today.

I want a copy of Erasmus' In Praise of_m Folly, sent to me, postpaid, for which I am enclosing 50 cents. (5 copies for $2).

326 Short Stories 342 rCew8 Reporting 437 Movie Scenarios 496 May-Writing 514 Poetry Writing 764 Book-Review

Advertising 1131 Writing for Market 1143 Manuscript Guide 1240 Short-Story Course 1366 How to Write Little Blue Books

5*1 How to Tic Knots lios Woodworking 1073 Painting Woodwork 1041 How to Cane Chaira 1192 Bookbinding 1232 Practical Masonry 133S OH Painting for

to Fly Them Your Personality 556 Etiquette Hints 217 Fersona.lt y Puzzle 1052 Our instincts 475 Sense of Humor 759 Fighting Stupidity 773 Good Habits 850 Bad Habits 488 How Not to Be a

Wallflower 777 Human Behavior 858 How to 1-eod 882 Building Character 891 l>eve!oplng Talent 86 How to Read 75 Choice of Books 112 Secret of Seit-Devclopmcnt 868 Self-Improvement 212 Life Character 364 flow to Ar<<ue 414 How to Be Happy 1264 How to Forgot

USE THIS ORDER BLANK
Haldeman-Julius Publications, Girard, Kansas
Enclosed is $2.95 for which send me, postpaid, The True Story of the Roman Catholic Church, by Joseph McCabe.
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